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Objective: To explore the method to repair injured peripheral nerve using conduits made of human hair keratin (HHK). Methods : The tibial nerves of rabbits were transected leaving a gap 10 mm in length between the 2 severed ends, which were either routinely sutured or bridged using HHK nerve conduits. Electrophysiological, anatomical and histological examinations were performed at different time postoperatively.Results; Electrophysiological study showed more obvious improvement in the neural function recovery in rabbits with HHK conduits bridging as compared with that in rabbits with routine suture. In the former group,HHK conduits were gradually degraded and absorbed with large amount of myelinated nerve fibers and Schwann ceils regenerated around HHK conduits. In the latter group, however, the nerve tissues around the suture were degenerated and replaced by connective tissues. Conclusion: HHK may induce the regeneration of the nerve fibers and provides an ideal approach to repair nerve damages.