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十九世纪上半叶,英俄为争夺波斯、阿富汗广大中亚地区开展着十分错综复杂的斗争。 1838年,当沙俄假手波斯入侵阿富汗失败之后,英印总督奥克兰德于当年10月1日发表了臭名昭著的《西姆拉宣言》,赤裸裸地宣告对阿富汗的军事入侵。奥克兰德还亲自主持军事会议,部署入侵计划。1839年2月,一万二千名英印军队和一个由四万人组成的后勤队伍入侵阿富汗,阿富汗王位争夺的失败者萨多查依王朝原国王舒扎·沙赫(shah意为国王)充当了英国侵略者的帮凶。同年8月6日,英军占领阿首都喀布尔。阿富汗统治者“艾米尔”(Amir,意为穆斯林国家的君王)多斯特·穆罕默德从喀布尔出逃。8月7日,舒扎·沙赫在英国扶植下当上了傀儡国王。英国公使麦克诺顿成为事实上的太上皇,并依靠英国刺刀实行残酷的统治。英国的野蛮侵略,激起阿富汗各族人民的团结反抗,反英民族起义接二连三地发生。逃至北部的
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Britain and Russia engaged in a very complicated struggle for fighting over Persia and the vast Central Asian region of Afghanistan. In 1838, when the failed tsarist Persian invasion of Afghanistan failed, the British Governor-General Oakland made an infamous “Shimla Declaration” on October 1 that year, starkly declaring a military invasion of Afghanistan. Oakland also personally presided over the military meeting, the deployment of invasion plan. In February 1839, 12,000 British and Indian troops and a logistics team of 40,000 troops invaded Afghanistan, the loser of the Afghan throne battle Sautchahi Dynasty King Shuza Shah (shah means king) Acted as accomplice of the British invaders. On August 6 of the same year, the British army occupied the capital of Kabul. Dos Muhammad, an Afghan governor who runs “Amir” (a king of the Muslim nation), fled from Kabul. On August 7, Shuza Shah became a puppet king under British support. British Minister McNaughton became the de facto Prime Minister and relied on British bayonets for cruel rule. The savage aggression of Britain has aroused the unity and resistance of the people of all ethnic groups in Afghanistan and the anti-British national uprising has occurred one after another. Escaped to the north