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《论语》中“小人”出现了 ２４次，本文认为有 １７处意为普通百姓，仅有７处指称道德卑下、失德之人。孔子的“小人”概念基本上是继承了商周以来的现念，将其放置于社会层面，而非定位于道德层面。个别地方指称道德低下之人，反映了词义的新变化，但还不是当时普遍性的用法。
The “villain” appeared in “The Analects of Confucius” 24 times. This article thinks that there are 17 ordinary people in the meaning of the book, and only 7 people who allege inferiority and morality. The concept of “villain” of Confucius basically inherited the concept of since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, placing it at the social level instead of the moral level. In some places, people who claim moral morals reflect new changes in meanings, but they are not yet universally used.