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不久以前,城市的样子和现在的大不相同,因为直到1880年时,还只有少数高度超过六层的建筑物。其中一个原因就是楼梯,因为没有人愿意爬太高太长的楼梯。另一个阻碍楼层高度的因素是,当时的墙壁必须支撑建筑物的巨大重量,因此高楼会使墙壁变得“不够坚固”。此外,当时的企业规模一般都较小,并不需要大型的建筑物来容纳。奥提斯在1852年发明的安全电梯解决了第一个问题。当17世纪70年代,更加坚韧的钢出现取代脆弱的铸铁后,第二个问题也迎刃而解了。坚固的钢制框架可以支撑建筑物每一层的重量,而不再需要墙壁来承重,墙壁因此可以变得很轻很薄,甚至可以是破璃的。于是,摩天大楼诞生了!
Not so long ago, the city looked very different from what it was now, as it was not until 1880 that there were only a handful of buildings more than six stories tall. One of the reasons is that the stairs, because no one is willing to climb too long stairs. Another factor hindering the height of the floor is that the walls at that time had to support the huge weight of the building, so the tall buildings made the walls “not strong enough.” In addition, the size of businesses at that time was generally small and did not require large buildings to house. The first problem was solved by the safe elevators invented by Otis in 1852. When the tougher steel appeared to replace the fragile cast iron in the 1770s, the second problem was solved. Rugged steel frame can support the weight of each layer of the building, no longer need to load the walls, the walls can therefore become very light and thin, or even broken glass. So, the skyscraper was born!