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以浙江省金华市东方红林场油茶5×5全双列交配杂交组合(无自交)子代林为试材,分析了2年生苗造林当年树高、地径和冠幅的遗传变异规律,估算了油茶亲本的遗传参数。结果表明:树高、地径和冠幅在20个杂交组合间均存在显著的遗传差异,40×95和10×40两个组合在树高、地径和冠幅性状上均表现最优;树高和冠幅的一般配合力、特殊配合力和反交效应差异极显著,地径的一般配合力和反交效应也差异极显著,特殊配合力无显著差异;长林40号树高、地径和冠幅3个性状的一般配合力均最高,在0.05水平上显著高于其余亲本,这与该良种长势旺的特性一致;长林53号作为亲本,在树高、地径和冠幅上的一般配合力均最低,这与53号无性系良种长势偏弱、树冠矮小的特点一致;3个性状的加性方差分别是非加性方差的1.25倍、19.5倍和1.60倍,均受基因的加性效应控制为主,非加性效应次之;遗传力较低,广义遗传力在14.91%~20.62%之间,狭义遗传力在9.55%~14.14%之间,受到较强的环境效应影响;综合分析GCA、SCA及反交效应,确定5个最佳组合,其杂交子代树高和冠幅分别实现5.76%~45.62%和7.68%~127.10%的遗传增益。可见,油茶杂交育种中,针对树高、地径和冠幅等生长性状,未评估过GCA的亲本材料,先评估其GCA比评估亲本间的SCA更重要。
The genetic variation of tree height, diameter and crown at the year of 2-year-old seedling afforestation was analyzed with the 5 × 5 all-diaper hybrid progeny from Dongfailonglin Farm in Zhejiang Province, The genetic parameters of Camellia oleifera parents were estimated. The results showed that there were significant genetic differences among tree height, diameter and crown in 20 hybrid combinations. The combinations of 40 × 95 and 10 × 40 showed the best performance in tree height, diameter and crown width. There were significant differences in general combining ability, special combining ability and anti-cross effect between tree height and crown width. There was also significant difference in general combining ability and anti-cross effect between diameter and crown, and no significant difference in special combining ability. The average combining ability of the three traits was the highest in ground diameter and crown width, which was significantly higher than the rest of the parents at the 0.05 level, which was consistent with the characteristics of the elite. The growth of tree height, diameter and crown The general combining ability was the lowest in amplitude, which was consistent with the weak growth of 53 elite clones and the short crown. The additive variances of the three traits were 1.25 times, 19.5 times and 1.60 times of the non-additive variance, respectively Gene additive effect dominated, followed by non-additive effect; heritability lower, the general heritability between 14.91% ~ 20.62%, narrow heritability between 9.55% ~ 14.14%, by a strong environment Effect analysis; GCA, SCA and anti-cross effects were analyzed comprehensively to determine the five best combinations of its hybrid generation tree height and crown Respectively, to achieve 5.76% ~ 45.62% and 7.68% ~ 127.10% of the genetic gain. Therefore, in the hybridization breeding of Camellia oleifera, it is more important to evaluate the GCA of the GCA than to evaluate the SCA between the parents for the growth traits such as tree height, diameter and crown width.