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白细胞介素18(IL-18)是一种细胞因子,早期称IGIF(IFN-γinducing factor)为γ-干扰素诱导因子。它是IL-1细胞因子家族成员之一,在生物学特性上与IL-12(强Th1诱导因子)类似。IL-18是在一定免疫环境下诱导Th1或者Th2极化作用的独特细胞因子。来源于单核细胞及巨噬细胞,具有刺激T细胞增殖,增强细胞及NK细胞活性,并具有抗肿瘤、抗感染、免疫调节等多种生物学作用。可与许多细胞因子相互作用,参与了自身免疫性疾病和变态反应性疾病的发生,在许多疾病的基础性研究和临床应用中有重要前景。目前已有多项研究证明IL-18与1型糖尿病的发生及2型糖尿病的发展有关,并与糖尿病并发症密切相关。现就IL-18的发现、来源、分布、结构特点、生物学作用以及与糖尿病及并发症方面的研究进展做一综述。
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a cytokine that was previously known as IFN-γinducing factor as an interferon-inducible factor. It is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is biologically similar to IL-12 (a strong Th1 inducing factor). IL-18 is a unique cytokine that induces Th1 or Th2 polarization under a certain immune environment. It is derived from monocytes and macrophages, stimulates the proliferation of T cells, enhances the activity of cells and NK cells, and has many biological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-infection and immune regulation. It interacts with many cytokines and participates in the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. It has important prospects in the basic research and clinical application of many diseases. A number of studies have shown that IL-18 is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes and the development of type 2 diabetes and is closely related to the complication of diabetes. This review summarizes the discovery, origin, distribution, structural features, biological roles of IL-18 and its progress in the field of diabetes mellitus and its complications.