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[目的]了解上海市普陀区居民食物摄入频率现状和膳食结构模式,为今后开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据。[方法]选用2007年上海市普陀区居民营养与健康状况的调查资料,运用食物摄入频率法调查1277名15岁及以上居民,对每位调查对象过去1年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量进行询问并记录。采用评分方法评价该区居民的膳食质量,采用多元线性回归分析方法筛选食物摄入频率的相关影响因素。[结果]普陀区居民谷类、蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类摄入频率较高,得分均在3分以上,畜禽肉类、蛋类、豆类和奶类次之。但蔬菜、水果以及奶类的摄入量与国家推荐标准相比仍有较大差距,居民的膳食结构仍不太合理。影响居民食物摄入频率的主要影响因素是经济状况(P=0.00)、文化程度(P<0.05)、性别(P=0.00)和职业(P<0.05)。[结论]目前普陀区居民的膳食状况以蔬菜、水果和奶类的摄入不足为主要问题,应加强营养知识的宣传教育,引导合理膳食。
[Objective] To understand the current situation of food intake and dietary patterns of residents in Putuo District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for nutrition education and nutrition improvement in the future. [Methods] Based on the survey data of residents’ nutrition and health status in Putuo District, Shanghai in 2007, 1277 residents aged 15 and over were surveyed by using the method of food intake frequency. The frequency of each food intake and Inquire and record intake. The score method was used to evaluate the dietary quality of residents in this area, and the influencing factors of food intake frequency were screened by multivariate linear regression analysis. [Result] The population of Putuo District had higher frequency of intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits and fish and shrimp, all scored above 3 points, followed by poultry meat, eggs, beans and milk. However, there is still a big gap between the intake of vegetables, fruits and milk and the national recommended standards, and the dietary structure of residents is still not very reasonable. The main influencing factors of residents’ food intake were economic status (P = 0.00), education level (P <0.05), gender (P = 0.00) and occupation (P <0.05). [Conclusion] At present, the dietary status of residents in Putuo District is mainly due to the insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk. Publicity and education of nutrition knowledge should be strengthened to guide rational diet.