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中国北方沙地的生态环境较为脆弱,是研究人类活动与气候变化关系的关键地区,但该区域的相关研究欠缺。本文通过对考古资料和古气候资料的全面分析,尝试探讨全新世中国北方沙地人类活动与气候变化的关系。结果表明,9~4ka相对适宜的气候条件促使了中国北方沙地新石器时代人类活动的开始和发展。4~2ka较为严酷的气候条件,严重影响了呼伦贝尔沙地和浑善达克沙地的人类活动;科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地的史前人类,通过生业模式的调整以及活动范围的改变,适应了气候变化,文化得以延续,人类活动总体没有减弱。2ka以来,人类适应能力增强,各沙地人类活动的强度和范围均大幅扩张。通过区域对比发现,沙漠化程度较高的浑善达克沙地和地处高纬度寒冷环境的呼伦贝尔沙地,人类活动强度总体较弱;科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地生态环境条件相对优越,且受到中原文化的影响,人类活动强度较大,文化谱系相对完整。研究区各时期人类遗址沿水系分布特征明显,反映了水源作为沙地地区的限制性因素,对人类活动的分布具有重要影响。
The ecological environment of the sandy land in northern China is relatively fragile and is a key area for studying the relationship between human activities and climate change. However, there is a lack of relevant research in this area. Through a comprehensive analysis of archaeological data and palaeoclimate data, this paper attempts to explore the relationship between human activities and climate change in the sand dunes of North China during the Holocene. The results show that the relatively suitable climatic conditions of 9 ~ 4 ka promote the beginning and development of human activities in the Neolithic Sandland in northern China. 4 ~ 2ka harsh climatic conditions, seriously affecting the Hulunbuir sand and Hunshandake sand human activities; Horqin Sandy and Mu Us Sandy prehistoric man, through the adjustment of the pattern of the business and the scope of activities to adapt to Climate change, culture continued, the overall human activity has not diminished. Since 2ka, humankind has become more resilient and the intensity and scope of human activities in various sandy areas have greatly expanded. Through the regional comparison, it is found that Hunshandake sandy land with high degree of desertification and Hulunbuir sandy land located in high latitude cold environment have generally weak human activities; the ecological environment conditions of Horqin sandy land and Mu Us sandy land are comparatively superior The influence of the Central Plains culture, the intensity of human activities, cultural heritage is relatively complete. The distribution of human sites along the river system in each period of the study area is obvious, which reflects the water source as a limiting factor in sandy areas and has an important influence on the distribution of human activities.