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在我国西北甘肃河西走廊西端的戈壁中,有一座驰名中外的艺术宝库——敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟座落于敦煌盆地南缘,位于敦煌县城东南25公里处。洞窟开凿在三危山之北麓,西靠鸣沙山东麓的断崖上,沿着古称“岩泉”河出口的两岸,形成南北长约1600米的石窟群,海拔高1330米左右,南靠山脉。莫高窟的岩石在地质上属于第四系酒泉砾岩,并夹有砂岩,岩性变化很大,交错层理发育,上部为泥质胶结,下部为钙质胶结。这种由砾石、砂土等自然胶结而成的砾岩层多呈厚层块状,由于它不具有整体岩石的硬度,而是以松散的陆相砾岩沉积在河流西岸,因此,经开凿的洞窟表面高低不平。由于卵石与
In the west of Gansu Hexi Corridor in China’s Gobi, there is a well-known art treasure house - Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes is located in the southern edge of Dunhuang Basin, located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang County. Caves dug in the northern foot of Sanwei Mountain, west of the Mingsha shandonglu cliff, along the ancient name “Rock Springs ” River exports to the two sides, forming about 1600 meters north-south Grottoes, elevation 1330 meters above sea level, south By the mountains. The rocks of Mogao Grottoes belong to Quaternary Jiuquan conglomerate geologically and sandstone is sandwiched between them. The lithology of the Mogao Grottoes varies greatly. The strata stratified are developed. The upper part is muddy cemented and the lower part is calcareous cemented. This conglomerate, which is naturally cemented by gravel and sand, is mostly massive and massive. Because it does not have the hardness of the whole rock, it is deposited on the west bank of the river with loose terrestrial conglomerate. Therefore, the surface of the drilled hole Uneven. Because of pebbles and