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分别选取观象台和密云站作为北京市城区及郊区代表站,应用两站1961—2013年逐分钟雨量观测资料,比较北京城区和郊区夏季降雨量、降雨频次及降雨强度的日变化特征,利用耿贝尔分布拟合的年最大值法推求城区和郊区暴雨强度公式,比较其空间适用性。结果表明,北京地区降雨具有明显的日变化特征:城市和郊区的夜雨比重均大于日雨,降雨量、频次、降雨强度午后至次日清晨为高值区;郊区夏季降雨总量、短历时降雨和降雨雨强均比城区偏大。暴雨强度公式计算结果表明应用城区一站的降雨资料计算得出的公式在全市并不适用,在市政排水设计时应考虑城郊差异,采用不同的标准。
Beijing and Miyun stations were chosen as the representative stations of urban and suburban areas in Beijing. By using the observed data of minute rainfall from 1961 to 2013 in two stations, the daily variations of summer rainfall, rainfall frequency and rainfall intensity in Beijing urban and suburban areas were compared. The annual maximum method of distribution fitting deduces the formula of storm intensity in urban area and suburban area, and compares its spatial applicability. The results show that there is a clear diurnal variation of rainfall in Beijing: the proportion of nightly rain in urban and suburban areas is greater than that of the daily rainfall, rainfall and frequency, and the rainfall intensity is high from the afternoon to the next morning; the summertime precipitation in the suburbs, Rainfall and rainfall intensity are larger than the urban area. The calculation results of the storm intensity formula show that the formula calculated by using the rainfall data of a station in the urban area is not applicable in the whole city. Different standards should be adopted when considering the suburban differences in the design of municipal drainage.