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[目的]观察乙醇消除减压性气泡的作用,以及对急性减压病(ADCS)的疗效。[方法]将32只新西兰兔按随机数字表分为乙醇治疗组和对照组,每组16只,在6绝对大气压(absolute atmosphere,ATA;1ATA=100kPa)加压舱内制作为ADCS模型。观察ADCS症状和体征变化,测定Doppler气泡音。手术造瘘暴露后腔静脉,乙醇治疗组给予耳缘静脉注射质量分数25%的乙醇溶液3mL/kg,对照组注射生理盐水3mL/kg;并经后腔静脉直接观察气泡消长,解剖观察体循环状况。[结果]两组模型兔均表现为呼吸急促、竖毛、搔抓、行动迟缓或跛行等典型的ADCS症状和体征。对照组16只兔,在制作为ADCS模型后60￣100min时仍有Ⅰ￣ⅢDoppler气泡音,后腔静脉可见大量气泡,解剖见体循环血管变细或中断,气泡间杂于血流之间,血流淤滞或断流,周围组织、黏膜苍白。8只兔在35min内相继死亡。治疗组无死亡,ADCS症状全部缓解,Doppler气泡音在30￣60min内消失。后腔静脉气泡量逐渐减少,解剖见体循环血管直径增加1倍以上,血液流速明显增快。[结论]乙醇可有效地消除减压性气泡,对ADCS有良好的疗效。
[Objective] To observe the effect of ethanol on decompression bubble and the effect on acute decompression sickness (ADCS). [Method] 32 New Zealand rabbits were divided into ethanol treatment group and control group according to random number table. Each group had 16 rats in each group and made ADCS model in 6 atmospheres (ATA; 1 ATA = 100 kPa) pressurized cabin. Observed ADCS symptoms and signs of change, determination of Doppler bubble sounds. The posterior vena cava exposed to the surgical fistula was treated with ethanol (3mL / kg), while the control group was injected with normal saline (3mL / kg). The airway was observed directly through the vena cava and anatomy was performed to observe the systemic circulation . [Results] The typical models and symptoms of ADCS in both groups were as follows: shortness of breath, vertical hair, scratching, slow motion or claudication. Sixteen rabbits in the control group still had Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ doppler tone at 60 ~ 100min after the ADCS model was made. A large number of bubbles were seen in the posterior vena cava. The anatomy of the systemic blood vessels became thinner or interrupted, the air bubbles were mixed with blood flow, and the blood flow Stasis or cut off, the surrounding tissue, mucosal pale. Eight rabbits died one after another within 35 minutes. The treatment group had no death, all the symptoms of ADCS were relieved, Doppler bubble sound disappeared in 30 ~ 60min. The amount of air bubbles in the posterior vena cava decreased gradually, and the diameter of blood vessels in the circulation increased more than twice as much as the anatomy. The blood flow rate was significantly increased. [Conclusion] Ethanol can effectively relieve the pressure-reducing bubbles and has a good effect on ADCS.