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目的：观察木通所致大鼠肿瘤的发生演变过程、生物学行为、病理学及免疫组化特征。方法：用不同剂量木通水煎剂给大鼠灌胃建立急性肾损伤模型，进行组织形态学及免疫组化的动态观察。结果：(1)实验头3个月组织形态学未见大鼠发生肿瘤及肾脏发生明显肿瘤样增生改变。(2)实验6个月3个剂量组肾脏肿瘤样增生发生率均为100.0%。其中2例进行免疫组化研究，波形蛋白(vimentin)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)均表达阳性，平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)、p53均表达阴性。(3)实验6个月3个剂量组肾脏肿瘤发生率分别为42.8%、25.0%及0，包括4例肾脏间叶性肿瘤及1例肾母细胞瘤。其中3例肾脏间叶性肿瘤免疫组化研究显示，vimentin、PCNA：肿瘤细胞均表达阳性。SMA、p53：分化成熟的肿瘤细胞表达阳性。(4)实验6个月3个剂量组肾外肿瘤发生率分别为14.3%、12.5%和12.5%，其中乳腺导管上皮肿瘤、甲状腺滤泡上皮肿瘤和皮肤附件上皮肿瘤各发生1例。对照组未见肿瘤发生。结论：大剂量木通具有致大鼠肿瘤作用。其中肾脏肿瘤发生率相对较高，组织学类型以肾脏间叶性肿瘤为主。分化成熟的肾脏间叶性肿瘤伴有vimentin、SMA、p53和PCNA的阳性表达。肾外肿瘤发生率相对较低。“,”To observe the oncogenetic process, biological behavior, pathological and immunohistochemical features of tumor induced by Aristolochia manshuriensis (AM) in rats. Methods: Acute renal injury model was established with AM docoction in different dosages by gastrogavage to observe the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features dynamically. Results: (1) At month 0, 1 and 3, the occurrence of renal tumor or tumor-like proliferation was not observed; (2) At month 6, the occurrence of renal tumor-like proliferation in all the three AM dosage groups (50 g/kg, 30 g/kg and 20 g/kg) was 100.0%. Immunohistochemical examination conducted in 2 rats showed that the short spindle-shaped interstitial cells were expressed positively both by vimentin and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), but were shown negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and p53; (3) At month 6, the occurrence of renal tumor in the three dosage groups was 42.8%, 25.0% and 0% respectively, including 4 cases of renal mesenchymal tumor and 1 case of nephroblastoma. Immunohistochemical examination conducted in 3 cases of renal mesenchymal tumor showed that the short spindle-shaped tumor cells expressed both by vimentin and PCNA, and SMA and p53 were positive for well-differentiated tumor cells. (4) The occurrence of extrarenal tumor in the three dosage groups was 14.3%, 12.5% and 12.5% respectively, 1 case of mammary duct epithelial tumor, 1 thyroid follicle epithelial tumor and 1 skin appendicular epithelial tumor. No tumor occurred in the control group. Conclusion: Large dosage of AM is oncogenic. The occurrence of renal tumor was relatively high, and the histological type is mainly mesenchymal. Vimentin, SMA, PCNA and p53 positive expression was shown for well-differentiated renal mesenchymal tumor. The occurrence of extrarenal tumor is rather low.