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目的调查佛山市加油站员工血铅水平与铅中毒状况。方法采用伏安溶出方法对247例佛山市加油站员工与500例佛山市无职业性铅接触史的健康人员的血标本进行血铅水平检测;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对5个佛山加油站的30个采样点空气样品以及佛山非加油站区域的100个空气样品进行空气铅尘测定。结果受检测的247例加油站员工的血铅平均值为(0.29±0.06)μmol/L,500例无职业性铅接触史的健康人员血铅平均值为(0.23±0.05)μmol/L,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中加油站员工高铅血症率为1.2%(3/247),对照组高铅血症率为0.2%(1/500),两者阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);30个加油站采样点空气中铅尘平均值为(0.0025±0.0006)mg/m3,100个非加油站区域空气中铅尘平均值为(0.0020±0.0006)mg/m3,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论佛山市加油站空气中铅、员工血中铅的平均水平均在正常参考值和国家容许标准范围内,证实该市推广无铅汽油,治理铅污染有效。加油站空气中铅和员工血中铅平均水平均显著高于对照,提示应继续做好环境铅污染的治理工作。
Objective To investigate the blood lead levels and lead poisoning status of gas station staff in Foshan City. Methods Voltammetric dissolution method was used to detect the level of blood lead in blood samples of 247 Foshan gas station employees and 500 healthy workers without occupational lead exposure in Foshan City. Blood samples were collected from five Foshan gas stations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry Air samples from 30 sampling points and 100 air samples from non-gas station in Foshan were used for air lead dust determination. Results The average blood lead level of 247 gas station employees was (0.29 ± 0.06) μmol / L, and the average blood lead level was (0.23 ± 0.05) μmol / L for 500 healthy workers without occupational lead exposure The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Among them, the rate of high blood lead was 1.2% (3/247) in the gas station and 0.2% (1/500) in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) .30 The mean value of lead dust in air at sampling points of gas stations was (0.0025 ± 0.0006) mg / m3, and that of lead in non-gas stations was (0.0020 ± 0.0006) mg / m3, with significant difference between the two (P <0.01). Conclusion The average levels of lead in air and fuel in air stations of Foshan gas stations are within the normal reference values and the national permissible standards, demonstrating that the city promotes the unleaded gasoline and effectively controls the lead pollution. The average level of lead in the air and the blood of employees in the gas stations were significantly higher than that of the control, suggesting that the government should continue to do a good job in the management of environmental lead pollution.