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身体意象是个体对自身躯体的认知,尤其是个体对自己的物理外表、身体外貌在他人眼中呈现的想象和他人如何看待自己身体功能的意象。研究采用问卷法,选取了中国、意大利、西班牙和罗马尼亚四国的被试,通过多重研究技术来验证假设,结果显示:不同性别、专业、文化对于美和整形手术社会表征的表达有显著差异,女性对身体和美的表达受大众媒体影响显著,文科专业显著于理工科专业;中国较意大利、罗马尼亚和西班牙更看重美的内涵;中国、意大利、西班牙和罗马尼亚对于整形手术的看法都趋于负向,但整形部位有显著差异;整形手术的社会表征从内容和结构上都与男性美、女性美的社会表征相关,整形手术随着日趋流行逐渐变成自我、美和身体表达的工具,同时身体意象受社会文化的支配和影响。
Body image is the individual’s cognition of his own body, especially the individual’s physical appearance to himself, the imagination of appearance of the body in the eyes of others and the image of how others view their own body functions. The questionnaire method was used to select subjects from China, Italy, Spain and Romania. Multiple hypothesises were tested through multiple research techniques. The results showed that there were significant differences in the social representations of beauty and plastic surgery among different genders, professions and cultures. Body and beauty are significantly influenced by the mass media, arts major is significant in science and engineering; China more emphasis on beauty than Italy, Romania and Spain; China, Italy, Spain and Romania tend to be negative on plastic surgery, but plastic surgery The social representation of plastic surgery is related to the social representation of male beauty and female beauty both in content and structure. As the plastic surgery becomes more and more popular, it gradually becomes the tool of self, beauty and body expression, meanwhile, the body image is affected by social and cultural Domination and influence.