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京郊耕地碳酸盐褐土小麦、大麦、玉米、高梁、花生五种农作物氮及灰分元素生物循环的研究结果表明。1.不同作物存留、归还、吸收不同元素数量的差别很大。豆科作物花生以对钙、镁吸收量大为其显著特征;禾本科作物吸收较高数量硅、铁、铝、锰、钠。在四种禾本科作物中,高粱吸收较高数量氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硅,大麦吸收较高数量钠、硫和锰。2.不同作物以根、茬形式对11种元素和灰分向土壤中的归还有三种情况:1)低度归还类型:氮磷钾,归还比例一般低于10%;2)中度归还类型:镁钙硫硅钠和灰分,归还比例介于10—30%;3)高度归还类型:铁铝和锰,归还比例一般为30%。3.不同农作物生物循环特点对研究农田生态系统元素平衡、耕地土壤肥力变化和形成过程以及施肥、耕作制度改革,都有重要意义。
The results of the study on the biological cycling of nitrogen and ash elements in five crops of wheat, barley, corn, sorghum and peanut in the cultivated land of Beijing suburb. 1. Different crops remain, return, absorb the amount of different elements vary widely. Legume crop peanuts to calcium and magnesium absorption for its significant features; Grasses crops absorb a higher amount of silicon, iron, aluminum, manganese, sodium. Among the four gramineous crops, sorghum absorbed higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon and barley and absorbed higher amounts of sodium, sulfur and manganese. (2) There are three kinds of returning of 11 kinds of elements and ash to soil by different crops in the form of root and stubble: 1) Low return type: N, P and K, the return proportion is generally lower than 10%; 2) Medium return type: Magnesium calcium sulfur Soda ash and ash, the return rate is between 10-30%; 3) the high return type: iron and aluminum and manganese, the return is generally 30%. 3. The characteristics of the biological cycle of different crops are of great significance to study the balance of elements in farmland ecosystem, the change and formation process of soil fertility and the reform of fertilization and farming system.