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从采集自长江流域引起小麦赤霉病的禾谷镰孢菌群(Fusarium graminearum clade)菌株中选取了31株,扩增并测定了这些菌株的EF-1α(translation elongation factor)、PHO(phosphate permease)基因序列,利用相关软件进行了系统发育分析。对这些菌株的产毒素化学型进行了分子检测。同时,用两个小麦品种(扬麦158和安农8455)测定了菌株的致病力。系统发育分析表明绝大多数菌株与F.asiaticum聚为一枝,只有一个菌株11027与F.graminearum聚类。30株F.asiaticum中有24株产脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)和3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3-AcDON),另外6株产雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(Nivalenol,NIV)。一株F.graminearum菌株11027产脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(DON)和15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇(15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-AcDON)。在扬麦158上,菌株间的致病力分化较为明显,产NIV毒素的菌株致病力普遍较弱,强致病力的菌株都产3-AcDON毒素。结果表明在我国长江流域,产3-AcDON毒素的F.asiaticum是引起小麦赤霉病的优势种群,中抗赤霉病的小麦品种扬麦158可以有效评价菌株的致病力强弱。
A total of 31 strains of Fusarium graminearum clade were selected from the strains of Fusarium graminearum clade caused by wheat scab in the Yangtze River valley. Their EF-1α, PHO (phosphate permease) ) Gene sequence, the use of related software for phylogenetic analysis. The toxin-producing chemical forms of these strains were molecularly tested. At the same time, the pathogenicity of the strains was tested with two wheat cultivars (Yangmai 158 and Annong 8455). Phylogenetic analysis showed that most isolates were clustered with F. asaticum and only one strain 11027 clustered with F. graminearum. Among 30 strains of F.asiaticum, 24 strains produced deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), and the other 6 strains produced snow Fusarium nalinol (NIV). One F. graminearum strain 11027 produced deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON). On Yangmai 158, the pathogenicity differentiation among strains was more obvious. The virulence of strains producing NIV toxin was generally weaker, and the virulent strains produced 3-AcDON toxin. The results showed that F.asiaticum producing 3-AcDON toxins was the dominant species causing FHB in the Yangtze River basin in China. Yangmai 158, a scab resistant wheat cultivar, could effectively evaluate the virulence of the isolates.