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在潮棕壤上进行长达18年的定位施肥试验,选择颇具代表性的8种施肥模式:CK、M、N、N+M、NP、NP+M、NPK和NPK+M,对耕层(0～20 cm)土壤进行无机磷分级测定。研究表明:在无磷肥直接投入的处理中(CK、M、N和N+M),各形态的无机磷含量基本都有逐年下降的趋势,其中下降速率为Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P>Fe-P>O-P、Ca10-P,然而循环猪圈肥的投入减缓了这种下降,在个别处理(M)中,各形态无机磷的含量下降后出现回升,开始逐步建立起小规模的P库;在有磷肥直接投入的处理中(NP、NP+M、NPK和NPK+M),各形态无机磷的含量基本都呈现逐年上升的趋势,尤其有效态的无机磷,上升最快,构建起丰富的土壤P库。循环猪圈肥(M)对无机磷形态的影响不同于矿质磷肥,研究发现大豆和玉米秸秆粉中各形态无机磷的含量甚微,而新鲜猪粪中含量较高,尤其是Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P的含量明显高于其它组分,猪粪与秸秆粉二者经过堆腐,其Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量有所下降。对三种茬口的无机磷组分与速效磷的相关性分析发现,一季玉米茬口和大豆茬口中二者都表现出良好的相关性,而连作玉米茬口中二者相关性弱于前两者,可以说明大豆茬口对无机磷组分的影响较大,大豆茬口分解释放出的有效态无机磷素成为翌年植物生长一个重要的有效P库。说明农田土壤磷肥管理不能靠简单地增加肥料投入,充分开发利用现有资源也是必要的,这为合理地评价土壤供磷力提供了理论依据。
The 18 years of fertilization experiment on tidal brown soil was carried out. Eight typical fertilization modes were selected: CK, M, N, N + M, NP, NP + M, NPK and NPK + (0 ~ 20 cm) soil for inorganic phosphorus classification. The results showed that the contents of inorganic phosphorus in all forms tended to decline year by year in the treatments without phosphorus (CK, M, N and N + M), and the decreasing rates were Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al P> Fe> P> OP, Ca10-P, however, the input of circulating piglet fertilizer slowed down the decline. In individual treatment (M), the content of inorganic phosphorus in various forms rebounded and began to gradually establish a small scale (P, P, NP, M, NPK and NPK + M). The contents of inorganic phosphorus in all forms tended to increase year by year. The available inorganic phosphorus in particular increased most rapidly , Build a rich soil P library. The effect of cyclic piglet fertilizer (M) on mineral forms of inorganic phosphorus is different from that of mineral phosphate, and it was found that the content of inorganic phosphorus in soybean and corn stover powder was very low, while the content in fresh pig manure was high, especially Ca2-P, Ca8 P and Al-P contents were significantly higher than those of other components. Both pig manure and straw powder had been subjected to heap compaction, and their contents of Ca2-P and Ca8-P decreased. Correlation analysis of inorganic phosphorus and available phosphorus showed that there was a good correlation between the first crop of corn and the second crop of soybean, while the correlation between continuous crop of corn and stubble was weaker than that of the first two, It can be shown that soybean stubble has a greater impact on inorganic phosphorus components, and the available inorganic phosphorus released by stubble stubble has become an important and effective P bank for plant growth the following year. It shows that it is necessary to manage the phosphate fertilizer in farmland by simply increasing the input of fertilizers and fully exploiting and utilizing the existing resources, which provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the phosphorus supply of soil reasonably.