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目的了解祁东县不同人群贫血流行特征及其相关影响因素。方法运用四阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取祁东县13个乡镇24051人,用面对面询问调查获得居民个人基本信息,用氰化高铁法测量血红蛋白;采用Logistic回归分析方法筛选贫血相关影响因素。结果祁东县居民贫血总患病率为13.6%,标化患病率为14.2%。男、女性粗患病率分别为10.8%、15.7%,标化率分别为10.0%、16.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);城乡粗患病率分别为11.3%、15.7%,标化率分别为12.3%、16.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不论城镇和农村,均是2岁以下的婴幼儿、60岁及以上的老年人、20～59岁的女性贫血患病率较高。2岁以下婴幼儿贫血的相关影响因素是低出生体重、性别、父亲文化程度和母亲贫血状况,OR值分别为0.16、0.48、0.59和2.87;2岁及以上人群贫血的相关影响因素是年龄、性别、地区、家庭人口数和经济收入,OR值分别为1.21、1.63、1.46、0.91和0.88。结论祁东县居民贫血患病率较高,婴幼儿、老年人和生育期妇女是高危人群,应加强对高危人群贫血防治工作,改善贫血状况,提高居民健康水平。
Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia in different populations in Qidong County and its related influential factors. Methods A total of 24051 people in 13 villages and towns of Qidong County were sampled by four-stage random cluster sampling method. Basic personal information of residents was obtained by face-to-face interrogation, and hemoglobin was measured by cyanidation method. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of anemia. Results The total prevalence of anemia in Qidong County was 13.6%, and the standardized prevalence was 14.2%. The crude prevalence rates of male and female were 10.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The standardization rates were 10.0% and 16.7% respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). The crude prevalence rates in urban and rural areas were 11.3% and 15.7% , The standardization rate was 12.3%, 16.1%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Both urban and rural areas, are infants under 2 years of age, 60 years of age and older, 20 to 59 years old women have a higher prevalence of anemia. The relative risk factors of anemia in infants under 2 years old were low birth weight, sex, educational level of father and mother’s anemia, with OR values of 0.16, 0.48, 0.59 and 2.87 respectively. The influencing factors of anemia in 2 years old and above were age, Sex, region, family size and economic income, OR values were 1.21,1.63,1.46,0.91 and 0.88 respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in Qidong residents is high. Infants, the elders and women of childbearing age are at high risk. Anemia prevention and treatment should be strengthened in high-risk population to improve anemia and improve residents’ health.