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一、前言金属切削时,在切屑内部及已加工表面都要发生塑性变形。自1870年俄国学者教授首先进行了切削过程的研究以来,金属切削学获得了辉煌的成就。在这八十多年中,用於研究切削过程中金属变形的方法,综合起来,主要有四种:即侧面观察法、金相显微法、光弹性学法、及显微硬度法。其中侧面观察法较为粗糙,且需高速摄影设备,光弹性学法又只能表示出平面中弹性范围以内的应力,故与实际切削情况相差较远,实用性不大;因此在近代金属切削科学
First, the preface Metal cutting, in the chip and the processed surface have to be plastic deformation. Since 1870, Russian scholar professor first carried out cutting process research, metal cutting has made brilliant achievements. In the past eighty years, the methods used to study the deformation of metal in cutting process have mainly four kinds: the side view method, the metallographic method, the photoelastic method, and the microhardness method. Among them, the lateral observation method is relatively rough, and high-speed photographic equipment is required, and the photoelasticity method can only express the stress within the elastic range in the plane. Therefore, the difference from the actual cutting conditions is far from practicality; therefore, in the modern science of metal cutting