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本文梳理了马林诺斯基学术思想的演变脉络,继而通过解读其丰硕的学术著作和思想遗产,探究了由其确立并影响至今的文化功能理论和田野调查规范;并通过剖析其亲自编撰的最后一部遗著《自由与文明》,殿现了马氏在人类学视角下对自由的理论探索;同时,通过分析费孝通晚年提出的“文化自觉”的政治与学术反思,展现了马氏学术思想在中国人类学界的传承与升华。本文试图呈现有血有肉的马林诺斯基及其褒贬不一的文化理论和备受争议议的田野调查,在重新解读中对这位充满神话色彩的一代宗师的广博思想进行批判性的继承,在大师与大师的对举中探索人类学本土化的一种可能性。
This article combs the evolution of Malinowski’s academic thought, and then explores the cultural function theory and field investigation norms established and influenced by it by analyzing its rich academic works and intellectual heritage. An autobiographical “freedom and civilization” shows Markov’s theoretical exploration of freedom in the perspective of anthropology. At the same time, by analyzing the political and academic reflections of “cultural consciousness” proposed by Fei Xiaotong in his later years, Inheritance and Sublimation of Academic Thought in Chinese Anthropology. This article attempts to present Mariusudski’s flesh-and-blood mixed culture theory and highly controversial fieldwork to critically inherit the broad thinking of the mythical master from a reinterpretation, The possibility of exploring the localization of anthropology in the masters ’and masters’ lifts.