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1. 考查语境理解
考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。如：
One afternoon， I was out exploring... and saw a new kind of cactus （仙人掌）. I crouched （蹲） down for a closer look. “You?蒺d better not47that.” （湖南卷）
I turned around to see an old woman.
...
“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn?蒺t touch.”
47. A. moveB. dig C. pullD. touch
【分析】此题若不读到最后一段的最后一句的最后一个单词，很难选出正确答案 D 来。
2. 考查习惯搭配
考查考生对英语常见固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词或副词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、句式结构的固定搭配等等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。如：
...The former37every possible effort to avoid being discovered...It was not long50a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him... （重庆卷）
37. A. doB. take C. makeD. try
50. A. whenB. after C. until D. before
【分析】因 make every effort（尽力）是固定词组，It was not long before...（不久以后就）是固定句式，所以这两题的正确答案分别是 C 和 D。
3. 考查词语辨析
考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。几个选项的词性相同，其意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。如：
Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole， they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had36them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.（辽宁卷）
36. A. hitB. fought C. won D. beaten
【分析】由第一句的 disappointed 可知，挪威人已经“胜过了” Scott 和他的同伴，很容易排除选项 A 和 B；而其余两个选项都有“胜过”之意，这就要求我们知道它们之间的细微差别：win 的宾语通常是比赛、奖品或荣誉等，而 beat 的宾语则是竞赛或竞争对手；所以正确答案是 D。
4. 考查逻辑关系
考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语，必须弄清句子前后的逻辑关系，才可作出正确选择。如：
You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding； people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You aren?謘t a soldier. You aren?謘t36carrying a gun. You?謘re standing in front of... （湖北卷）
36. A. simply B. reallyC. merelyD. even
【分析】因为第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，‘甚至连?蒺枪也没有带”，所以正确答案是 D。
5. 考查背景常识
考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的背景知识。如：
But we run so much that， afterwards， we had trouble45 . （北京卷）
A. speaking B. movingC. sleepingD. breathing
跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历，所以正确答案是 D。
6. 考查文章结构
考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。如：
First of all， I respected his devotion to teaching... 43 ， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk... Finally， I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.（全国卷）
43. A. LaterB. Secondly C. However D. Therefore
【分析】本文的写作结构很清楚：开篇点题——难忘的哲学教授；诸条陈述——何以难忘：前有 First of all 提起， 后有 Finally 落脚，那么中间只有用 Secondly 来过渡了，所以正确答案是 B。
7. 考查语法规则
考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。如：
On May 27， 1995， our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three，36my husband， Chris， fell from his horse...（江苏卷）
36. A. sinceB. before C. whenD. while
【分析】因 a few minutes past three 是“我丈夫”从马上掉下来的时间，应是定语从句的先行词，所以用 when 引导定语从句，正确答案是 C。
8. 考查逻辑推理
考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。如：
The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of seasons is about Demeter， the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter， Persephone， whom she loved very much. Hades， god of the underworld， fell in love with Persephone， and he asked Zeus， the37of the gods， to give Persephone to him as his wife. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter， so...（广东卷）
37. A. winnerB. rulerC. advisor D. fighter
【分析】冥王海地斯（Hades）要求宙斯（Zeus）把农业女神得墨忒耳（Demeter）的女儿珀尔塞福涅 Persephone 赐给（give）他做妻子，谁能行使如此大权？不难推知，只有众神之统领（ruler）了，所以正确答案是 B。
（编辑 周贞雄）
考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。如：
One afternoon， I was out exploring... and saw a new kind of cactus （仙人掌）. I crouched （蹲） down for a closer look. “You?蒺d better not47that.” （湖南卷）
I turned around to see an old woman.
...
“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn?蒺t touch.”
47. A. moveB. dig C. pullD. touch
【分析】此题若不读到最后一段的最后一句的最后一个单词，很难选出正确答案 D 来。
2. 考查习惯搭配
考查考生对英语常见固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词或副词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、句式结构的固定搭配等等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。如：
...The former37every possible effort to avoid being discovered...It was not long50a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him... （重庆卷）
37. A. doB. take C. makeD. try
50. A. whenB. after C. until D. before
【分析】因 make every effort（尽力）是固定词组，It was not long before...（不久以后就）是固定句式，所以这两题的正确答案分别是 C 和 D。
3. 考查词语辨析
考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。几个选项的词性相同，其意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。如：
Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole， they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had36them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.（辽宁卷）
36. A. hitB. fought C. won D. beaten
【分析】由第一句的 disappointed 可知，挪威人已经“胜过了” Scott 和他的同伴，很容易排除选项 A 和 B；而其余两个选项都有“胜过”之意，这就要求我们知道它们之间的细微差别：win 的宾语通常是比赛、奖品或荣誉等，而 beat 的宾语则是竞赛或竞争对手；所以正确答案是 D。
4. 考查逻辑关系
考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语，必须弄清句子前后的逻辑关系，才可作出正确选择。如：
You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding； people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You aren?謘t a soldier. You aren?謘t36carrying a gun. You?謘re standing in front of... （湖北卷）
36. A. simply B. reallyC. merelyD. even
【分析】因为第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，‘甚至连?蒺枪也没有带”，所以正确答案是 D。
5. 考查背景常识
考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的背景知识。如：
But we run so much that， afterwards， we had trouble45 . （北京卷）
A. speaking B. movingC. sleepingD. breathing
跑得太多，其结果当然是上气不接下气，即呼吸困难了，我们一般都会有这样的生活经历，所以正确答案是 D。
6. 考查文章结构
考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。如：
First of all， I respected his devotion to teaching... 43 ， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk... Finally， I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.（全国卷）
43. A. LaterB. Secondly C. However D. Therefore
【分析】本文的写作结构很清楚：开篇点题——难忘的哲学教授；诸条陈述——何以难忘：前有 First of all 提起， 后有 Finally 落脚，那么中间只有用 Secondly 来过渡了，所以正确答案是 B。
7. 考查语法规则
考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来高考完形填空中单纯考查语法知识的题很少，只是偶尔出现一两道。如：
On May 27， 1995， our life was suddenly changed. It happened a few minutes past three，36my husband， Chris， fell from his horse...（江苏卷）
36. A. sinceB. before C. whenD. while
【分析】因 a few minutes past three 是“我丈夫”从马上掉下来的时间，应是定语从句的先行词，所以用 when 引导定语从句，正确答案是 C。
8. 考查逻辑推理
考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。如：
The Greek myth that explains why there are changes of seasons is about Demeter， the goddess of the harvest. She had a daughter， Persephone， whom she loved very much. Hades， god of the underworld， fell in love with Persephone， and he asked Zeus， the37of the gods， to give Persephone to him as his wife. Zeus did not want either to disappoint Hades or to upset Demeter， so...（广东卷）
37. A. winnerB. rulerC. advisor D. fighter
【分析】冥王海地斯（Hades）要求宙斯（Zeus）把农业女神得墨忒耳（Demeter）的女儿珀尔塞福涅 Persephone 赐给（give）他做妻子，谁能行使如此大权？不难推知，只有众神之统领（ruler）了，所以正确答案是 B。
（编辑 周贞雄）