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目的探讨绝经前后女性听力变化及影响因素。方法在45~55岁参加体检的女性中,每纳入一位绝经者,按其年龄±1岁,匹配一位月经规律者,即对绝经组、月经规律组受试者进行年龄匹配,最终分为绝经组、月经规律组,每组各60例,共120例。分别测定各组生殖激素、左右耳低频至超高频空气传导、骨传导的听力阈值,进行组间比较并分析其影响因素。结果听力阈值绝经组在下述频率右耳空气传导4 000 Hz、8 000 Hz、10 000 Hz、12 500 Hz及16 000 Hz,左耳空气传导4 000 Hz、12 500 Hz及16 000 Hz;右耳骨传导4 000 Hz及8 000 Hz,左耳骨传导4 000 Hz均显著低于月经规律组(P<0.05)。其中,在16 000 Hz频率,绝经组和月经规律组右耳空气传导听力阈值分别为(57.93±19.17)分贝和(42.5±17.96)分贝,左耳空气传导听力阈值分别为(54.57±19.17)分贝、和(43.9±18.99)分贝。在绝经组和月经规律组内,吸烟亚组左、右耳听力超高频听力阈值均显著低于不吸烟亚组(P<0.05)。绝经、被动吸烟和突发耳聋史是女性绝经前后听力下降的不利因素。结论绝经与女性各频段听力下降存在密切关联,尤其是高频、超高频。被动吸烟和突发耳聋史是绝经前后女性高频听力下降的不利因素。
Objective To investigate the changes of hearing and influencing factors in women before and after menopause. Methods One 45-year-old women who participated in the physical examination were enrolled in one of the menopause, according to their age ± 1 year, matching a menstrual rule, that is, the menopausal group, menstrual regular group subjects age matching, the final score For the menopause group, menstrual regular group, each group of 60 cases, a total of 120 cases. The hearing thresholds of reproductive hormones, left and right ear low frequency to ultra-high frequency air conduction and bone conduction were measured respectively, and the influencing factors were compared among groups. Results Hearing threshold The menopausal group conducted air-conduction of 4 000 Hz, 8 000 Hz, 10 000 Hz, 12 500 Hz and 16 000 Hz in the right ear at 4 Hz, 12 500 Hz and 16 000 Hz in the left ear at the following frequencies; Bone conduction at 4 000 Hz and 8 000 Hz and left ear bone conduction at 4 000 Hz were significantly lower than those at the menstrual cycle (P <0.05). Among them, the listening threshold of air conduction in the right ear of the menopausal group and the menstrual regular group was (57.93 ± 19.17) dB and (42.5 ± 17.96) dB at 16 000 Hz, and the left ear air conduction hearing threshold was (54.57 ± 19.17) dB , And (43.9 ± 18.99) dB. In menopausal group and menstrual regular group, hearing threshold of left and right ear in smoking subgroup was significantly lower than non-smoking subgroup (P <0.05). Menopausal, passive smoking and sudden deafness history is a negative factor for hearing loss in women before and after menopause. Conclusions There is a close relationship between menopause and hearing loss in all frequency bands of women, especially high frequency and ultra high frequency. Passive smoking and sudden deafness history is the pre-menopausal women with high-frequency hearing loss adverse factors.