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一、引言在人类几千年的文明发展史上,战争虽然不是值得提倡的一个永恒主题,但它却几乎如影随形地伴随人类左右。时至今日,人类依然没有摆脱战争的疑云,即使是历史只有200多年的美利坚合众国,也经历了诸多战争风云,如独立战争(1775—1781)、美国内战(1861—1865)、美西战争(1898)、第一次世界大战(1917—1918)、第二次世界大战(1941—1945)、朝鲜战争(1950—1953)、越南战争(1964—1973)。这些战争不仅对经济、政治、宗教产生了重大影响,而且对文学艺术也产生了显著的影响,如评论家约翰·里蒙所说:“战争划分了美国文学史的疆界,如同
I. INTRODUCTION In the history of thousands of years of human civilization, although the war was not an eternal theme worthy of promotion, it was almost always accompanied by mankind. Even today, the United States of America, which has a history of only 200 years, has undergone many war-ravages, such as the War of Independence (1775-1781), the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865), the U.S.-Spanish War 1898), the First World War (1917-1918), the Second World War (1941-1945), the Korean War (1950-1953), the Vietnam War (1964-1973). These wars have not only had a significant impact on the economy, politics and religion, but they have also had a significant impact on literature and art. As the critic John Richmond put it: ”The war defined the boundaries of American literary history as