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目的:调查慢性气道疾病患者吸入治疗依从性现状，并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法，选取中国医科大学附属第一医院门诊慢性气道疾病患者180例，采用一般资料调查表、吸入治疗依从性问卷、哮喘知识问卷、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者健康素养问卷（COPD～Q）评测患者一般资料、吸入治疗依从性和疾病知识水平，采用哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试（CAT）评分评测其病情严重程度。采用方差分析与n t检验对慢性气道疾病患者吸入治疗依从性进行单因素分析，采用多元线性回归进行多因素分析。n 结果:哮喘患者依从性总分为（89.74 ± 7.27）分，COPD患者依从性总分为（86.80 ± 9.16）分，总体处于中等水平。哮喘患者吸入治疗依从性的影响因素有居住情况、吸入治疗时间、病程（均n P<0.05）；COPD患者吸入治疗依从性的影响因素有就业情况、吸烟情况和疾病严重程度（均n P<0.05）。n 结论:门诊慢性气道疾病患者吸入治疗依从性处于中等水平，哮喘患者吸入治疗不依从的危险因素有独居和长病程。COPD患者吸入治疗不依从的危险因素有无职业、吸烟和病情严重。“,”Objective:To investigate the adherence of patients with chronic airway disease with inhalation therapy and to explore the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 180 outpatients with chronic airway disease were selected by convenient sampling. The general information, adherence of inhalation therapyquestionnaire, asthma knowledge questionnaire, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) health literacy questionnaire (COPD-Q) were used to evaluate the general information, adherence of inhalation therapy and disease knowledge level of the patients. The severity of the disease was evaluated by asthma control test (ACT) score and COPD assessment test (CAT) score. ANOVA and n t-test were used to analyze the adherence of patients with chronic airway disease, and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the adherence.n Results:The adherence score of asthma patients was 89.74 ± 7.27 and the adherence score of COPD patients was 86.80 ± 9.16, which were in the middle level. The risk factors of non-adherence of inhalation therapy were retirement, living alone and smoking. The effect of inhaled treatment time on the adherence of inhaled therapy is not linear, and the turning point of adherence decline occurs one year after the patients received inhaled therapy. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the effect of course and employment on the adherence of inhalation therapy was statistically significant.Conclusions:The adherence of chronic airway disease patients with inhalation therapy is not ideal, especially for the patients with long course, smoking, retirement and living alone, the medical staff should pay more attention, take appropriate intervention measures to improve the adherence of inhalation therapy.