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黄淮海平原是我国重要的粮食基地,由于季风、气候等的影响,干旱频发,严重影响了粮食生产,实时监测黄淮海平原的干旱情况,对于合理制定农业政策、指导农业生产具有重要意义。基于MODIS反射率产品、温度产品和气象站点降雨数据等,采用改进归一化水指数(MNDWI)、植被健康指数(VHI)和标准化降水指数(SPI),对黄淮海平原2001~2012年干旱情况进行监测,分析其空间、季节、年际变化规律及其潜在原因,并根据结果确定3个指数的使用条件。结果发现:黄淮海平原燕山山麓和太行山山麓受西伯利亚冬季风的影响,同时由于春天植被覆盖少,水份蒸发较快,易发生春旱;农作物区在海拔25~100m之间比其他地区要干旱;12年间2003年干旱最弱。所采用遥感指数由于对水分温度敏感适用于实时监测,而气象指数SPI适用于长时间序列的干旱变化监测,亦可用于干旱预测。
The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is an important grain base in China. Due to the influence of monsoon and climate, frequent droughts have seriously affected food production and monitored the drought situation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in real time. This is of great significance for the formulation of agricultural policies and the guidance of agricultural production. Based on MODIS reflectance products, temperature products and rainfall data of weather stations, the authors adopted improved normalized water index (MNDWI), vegetation health index (VHI) and normalized precipitation index (SPI) Monitor, analyze the spatial, seasonal, interannual variation rules and their potential causes, and determine the conditions of use of the three indices based on the results. The results show that: the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain foothills of Yanshan and Taihang Mountain foothills affected by the Siberian winter monsoon, at the same time due to spring vegetation cover less water evaporation faster, prone to spring drought; crop area at 25 ~ 100m above sea level drought than other areas In 2003, the weakest drought occurred in 2003. The remote sensing index used is suitable for real-time monitoring because of its sensitivity to moisture temperature. The meteorological index SPI is suitable for monitoring long-term changes in drought and also for drought prediction.