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采用LongPCR和引物步移法测得大豆蚜Aphis glycines Matsumura线粒体基因组约90%的序列,并与蚜总科Aphidoidea已报道的3种蚜虫进行了比较。结果表明:已测得的序列长度为13696bp,AT含量为83.3%;蛋白质编码基因起始密码子都为ATN,COI、ND4、CYTB、ND2使用不完整终止密码子T,其余都使用常见终止密码子TAA;15个tRNA基因除tRNA-W外都能折叠成典型的三叶草二级结构。比较大豆蚜、豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)、麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)和葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae(Fitch)的线粒体基因组,结果表明4个种均具有后生动物线粒体基因组中常见的基因,基因顺序与假想昆虫祖先的排列方式相同,但豌豆蚜包含3个tRNA-M;蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子都为ATN,除葡萄根瘤蚜外,其他3种蚜虫的COⅠ、ND4使用不完整终止密码子T;tRNA-W的二级结构中都存在TψC臂中“茎”的结构缺失,只有环的结构;而蛋白质编码基因使用最频繁的氨基酸略有不同,大豆蚜为Leu,豌豆蚜和麦二叉蚜为Ile;大豆蚜和麦二叉蚜的ND4/ND4L都存在7bp的重叠序列,而豌豆蚜和葡萄根瘤蚜没有发现此现象。
Approximately 90% of the mitochondrial genome of soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura was sequenced by LongPCR and primer walking and compared with the three aphids reported by Aphidoidea. The results showed that the length of sequence was 13696bp and the content of AT was 83.3%. The initiation codon of protein coding gene was ATN. The incomplete stop codon T was used for COI, ND4, CYTB and ND2. Sub-TAA; 15 tRNA genes can be folded into the typical clover secondary structure except tRNA-W. The mitochondrial genomes of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) of soybean aphid were compared in this study. The results showed that all four species had the genes commonly found in the metazoan mitochondrial genome, The order of the genes was the same as that of the imaginary insect ancestors, but the pea aphid contained three tRNA-Ms. The initiation codons of the protein-coding genes were all ATN. The COI and ND4 of the other three kinds of aphids were not used completely The structure of the “stem” in the TψC arm is absent in the secondary structure of tRNA-W, and only the structure of the loop is present; while the amino acid used most frequently by the protein coding gene is slightly different, the soybean aphid is Leu, The pea aphid and the wheat aphid were Ile. The ND4 / ND4L of the soybean aphid and the wheat aphid had 7bp overlapping sequences, but this phenomenon was not found in the pea aphid and the phylloxera.