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爱因斯坦创立的广义相对论是现代物理学的重要基石,是20世纪自然科学的最伟大发现之一,对物理学、天文学乃至哲学都有着深远的影响.爱因斯坦是如何创立相对论的?是受了那一位物理学家的思想的启发而创立的?要回答这个问题,我们不得不提起一位著名的物理学家和哲学家,他就是恩斯特·马赫.提起马赫,我们大多数人只知道他是一位唯心主义哲学家,是经验批判主义的创始人,可能并不知道他曾对经典物理学理论进行过深刻的批判,从而拉开了20世纪物理学革命的序幕,他的思想直接或间接影响了很多物理学家,像玻尔、海森伯等哥本哈根学派的一些主要成员.受马赫思想影响最大的当属爱因斯坦,马赫对牛顿的绝对时间、绝对空间的批判及对惯性的理解,他那坚不可摧的对经典力学的怀疑态度,以及对经典力学基础的深刻洞察无一不给爱因斯坦以激励和启迪,对爱因斯坦建立广义相对论起了积极的作用.马赫(Ernst mach,1838—1916),著名物理学家、哲学家、生物学家和心理学家,1838年2月18日出生于奥地利摩拉维亚地区布尔诺附近的切尔利斯图拉斯,从小受过良好的教育,在维也纳大学经过五年的学习后,于1860年以放电和感应的论文获得博士学位.他精通拉丁文、希腊文、法文、意大利文和英文.1864～1867年在格拉茨大学先后任数学教授和实验物理学教授,1867～1895年在布拉格大学任实验物理学教授,曾
The general theory of relativity created by Einstein was an important cornerstone of modern physics and one of the greatest discoveries of natural science in the 20th century. It had far-reaching influence on physics, astronomy, and even philosophy. How did Einstein founded the Theory of Relativity? Inspired by the thought of that physicist, to answer this question, we have to mention a famous physicist and philosopher. He is Ernst Mach. Lift Mach, most of us People only know that he is an idealist philosopher and the founder of empirical criticism. He may not have known that he had conducted a profound critique of classical physics theory, thus opening the prelude to the physics revolution in the 20th century. The ideas directly or indirectly affected many physicists, such as Bohr, Heisenberg, and other major members of the Copenhagen School. Einstein, Mach’s criticism of Absolute Time and absolute space by Mach’s thoughts And his understanding of inertia, his indestructible skepticism with classical mechanics, and his deep insights into the fundamentals of classical mechanics all gave Einstein encouragement and inspiration. Einstein’s establishment of general theory of relativity has played a positive role. Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a famous physicist, philosopher, biologist and psychologist, was born in Moravi, Austria on February 18, 1838. Chellies Turas near Brno in the Asian region was educated since childhood. After five years of study at the University of Vienna, he received a Ph.D. in discharge and induction in 1860. He is fluent in Latin and Greek. French, Italian, and English. From 1864 to 1867, he was professor of mathematics and professor of experimental physics at the University of Graz, and professor of experimental physics at the University of Prague from 1867 to 1895.