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本文通过对农用液压推土机的系统研究,指出:农用液压推土机是以农用拖拉机配置液压推土铲组成。它的技术经济指标受农用拖拉机牵引特性影响。施工作业时,推切土壤速度v_1和推土铲升降速度V_(Db)都随油门位置的大小而变化(油门位置则随作业负荷的变化而作相应的变动),施工作业是以循环往返方式进行间断性作业的。苏联与欧美学者以获得最高作业工效为依据,提出推土铲升降速度为一档推切速度的0.5～0.8(即V_(Db)=(0.5～0.8)v_1)作为技术规定,这对于农业液压推土机配套设计是不合理的。作者认为推土机作业量由两个因素组成:一个是机械推切土方的数量(米~3),另一个是推切土方到需要地点的远近(米)。为选取推切速度v_1和推土铲升降速度v_(Db)的最佳协调关系,若仅按获得最高工效作依据,而忽略了运距和作业耗油量因素是不合理的。应以每推切1米~3土方推运1米距离的耗油量U为衡量指标,通过算求和测定则可找到推土作业量Q趋于最大值和U趋于最小值的最佳协调区域,按此选取v_1和v_(Db)值,并确定合理的发动机负荷程度,使推土作业达到高效和低耗,并按v_1和v_(Db)值合理设计农用液压推土机。提出了按最大Q值和最小U值合理设计和使用农用液压推土机的理论和方法。
This paper through the system of agricultural hydraulic bulldozer, pointed out: Agricultural hydraulic bulldozer is equipped with agricultural tractors hydraulic dozer composition. Its technical and economic indicators are influenced by the traction characteristics of agricultural tractors. During construction work, the soil speed v_1 and the speed V_ (Db) of the blade are all changed with the throttle position (the throttle position changes correspondingly with the change of the working load). The construction work is based on the round trip mode Intermittent operation. The Soviet Union and Europe and the United States scholars to obtain the highest operating efficiency as the basis, put forward a bulldozer blade ascending and descending speed of a notch cutting speed of 0.5 to 0.8 (ie, V Db = (0.5 ~ 0.8) v_1) as a technical regulation, which for agricultural hydraulic Bulldozer supporting design is unreasonable. The author believes that bulldozers work volume consists of two factors: one is the number of mechanical excavated earthwork (m ~ 3), and the other is to push the earth to the desired location (meters). In order to choose the optimum coordination relationship between the cutting speed v_1 and the blade lifting speed v_ (Db), it is unreasonable to neglect the factors of the distance of transportation and the fuel consumption of operation if we only get the basis of obtaining the highest working efficiency. Should be 1 to 3 meters per push push 1 meter distance of 1 meter away from the fuel consumption as a measure of U, calculated by calculation and determination of the amount of bulldozing can be found Q tends to work the maximum and U tends to the minimum of the best According to this, select the value of v_1 and v_ (Db), and determine the reasonable degree of engine load so that the bulldozing operation can achieve high efficiency and low consumption, and design the agricultural hydraulic bulldozer according to v_1 and v_ (Db). The theory and method of designing and using agricultural hydraulic bulldozer according to the maximum Q value and the minimum U value are proposed.