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目的:探讨人体在高压舱进行环境增压时,鼻咽部压力大于咽鼓管通气阻力能否预防耳气压伤。方法:咽鼓管通气阻力<6kPa的男性健康志愿者8例,分为4组,每组2例,互为被试者和对照者。被试者经面罩给予6kPa的鼻咽部正压,对照者正常呼吸,高压舱以0.5kPa/s的速率增压至5kPa,被试者和对照者均不采用其他任何主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室腔压力;高压舱以同样速率增压至20kPa,被试者条件不变,对照者可进行主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室压。结果:高压舱增压至5kPa时,被试者和对照者鼓室压分别为(-11.2±5.3)daPa和(-168.6±71.5)daPa,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);增压至20kPa时,被试者和对照者鼓室压分别为(-8.3±6.1)daPa和(-7.6±6.4)daPa,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:当人体的环境压力增加时,经面罩提供大于咽鼓管通气阻力的鼻咽部压力可预防耳气压伤的发生。
Objective: To investigate whether the nasopharyngeal pressure greater than the eustachian tube ventilation resistance can prevent the ear pressure injury when the human body is pressurized in the hyperbaric chamber. Methods: Eighteen male volunteers with Eustachian tube ventilation resistance <6kPa were divided into 4 groups with 2 cases in each group. The subjects were control subjects and control subjects. Subjects were given masks to 6kPa nasopharyngeal pressure, the control normal breathing, hyperbaric chamber at 0.5kPa / s rate pressurized to 5kPa, subjects and controls were not using any other active or passive open eustachian Tube measures chamber pressure chamber; hyperbaric chamber at the same rate booster to 20kPa, subjects were the same conditions, the control can be active or passive measures to open the eustachian tube, measuring tympanic pressure. Results: The tympanic pressure of subjects and controls were (-11.2 ± 5.3) daPa and (-168.6 ± 71.5) daPa, respectively, when the hyperbaric chamber was pressurized to 5kPa (P <0.01) At 20 kPa, the tympanic pressures of subjects and controls were (-8.3 ± 6.1) daPa and (-7.6 ± 6.4) daPa, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When the pressure on the human body is increased, nasopharyngeal pressure greater than the ventilation resistance of the eustachian tube provided by the mask can prevent the occurrence of the ear pressure injury.