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定价机制是排污权交易制度中的一个核心问题,经济学家们认为拍卖对排污权交易的实施有着极其重要的意义。国内外经济学界探讨最多的是排污权初始分配中的拍卖定价机制,但我国目前在排污权交易中存在的主要问题不是排污权的初始分配问题,而是排污权的再分配问题,研究排污权二次交易中拍卖定价机制在我国更有现实意义。我国目前排污权拍卖的活动各地都有不同规模和形式的尝试,拍卖所采取的具体定价机制大都是单标的拍卖中的英格兰升价式拍卖。实践虽然证明拍卖是排放权交易的最佳定价机制,但是拍卖机制本身还需要根据具体情况来做进一步的设计,因为拍卖的效果要受到许多不确定因素的影响,同样的拍卖模式并不一定产生同样的效果。最优拍卖模型的选择首先要考虑影响竞买人出价大小的主要因素。在拍卖标的种类单一的情况下,我国排污权拍卖适宜采用的拍卖模式应该是由专门提供拍卖服务的拍卖企业运用英格兰升价式拍卖方式来进行公开拍卖,而不是密封式拍卖。最优拍卖模型的选择还取决于排污权本身的性质,在拍卖的排污权多样化的情况下,采用单一价格拍卖是我国排污权拍卖中较为可行的定价机制。
Pricing mechanism is a core issue in the trading system of emissions trading. Economists think the auction is of great significance to the implementation of emissions trading. However, the main problems that exist in the trading of emission rights in our country are not the initial allocation of emission rights, but the redistribution problem of emission rights, the research on emission rights The second auction transaction pricing mechanism in our country more practical significance. At present, there are different scales and forms of attempts at the auction of emissions rights all over China. The specific pricing mechanism adopted by auction is mostly the price-rising auction in England at the single-standard auction. Although the practice proves that auction is the best pricing mechanism for emissions trading, the auction mechanism itself needs to be further designed according to the specific circumstances, because the effect of auction is affected by many uncertainties, and the same auction mode does not necessarily produce The same effect. The choice of the optimal auction model must first consider the main factors that influence the bidder’s bidding size. In the case of a single type of auction target auction, the appropriate auction model for China’s emissions auction should be auctioned by auction companies specializing in auction services using the ASP auction in England instead of airtight auctions. The choice of the optimal auction model also depends on the nature of the emission rights itself. Under the circumstance that the emission rights of the auction are diversified, adopting the single price auction is the more feasible pricing mechanism in China’s auction of emissions rights.