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目的了解工作场所集中空调通风系统与员工不良建筑物综合征(SBS)相关症状关系,为采取干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用病例对照研究方法对在广东省深圳市2家安装集中空调通风系统工厂抽取的887名员工和2家未安装集中空调通风系统工厂抽取的892名员工进行问卷调查。结果集中空调通风组员工有头晕、恶心呕吐、背部或关节疼痛、食欲减退、嗜睡、疲劳、心里烦躁、注意力不集中、眼睛红肿、眼睛干涩、流泪、眼睛瘙痒、眼睛灼烧感、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、鼻子瘙痒、胸闷、呼吸困难、咳嗽、咽喉痛、喉咙干燥、皮肤瘙痒、湿疹、皮肤干燥皲裂、皮肤潮红、风团、荨麻疹等症状的比例分别为49.7%、17.9%、40.2%、34.4%、39.7%、63.1%、52.4%、40.1%、18.6%、33.8%、27.6%、29.1%、11.3%、53.9%、49.0%、58.9%、41.7%、27.5%、20.3%、42.7%、43.1%、52.5%、32.9%、15.1%、21.0%、13.9%、7.0%、8.7%,均高于自然通风组的42.2%、12.1%、21.1%、19.3%、20.4%、40.8%、33.5%、20.4%、7.2%、12.6%、14.6%、12.6%、4.3%、30.0%、28.5%、41.4%、17.9%、12.1%、5.5%、29.7%、25.3%、23.4%、17.5%、5.4%、5.9%、2.7%、1.5%、1.8%(均P<0.05);多因素条件logistic回归分析结果表明,工作场所集中空调通风系统与恶心呕吐、背部或关节疼痛、食欲减退、嗜睡、疲劳、心里烦躁、注意力不集中、眼睛红肿、眼睛干涩、流泪、眼睛瘙痒、眼睛灼烧感、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、鼻子瘙痒、胸闷、呼吸困难、咳嗽、咽喉痛、喉咙干燥、皮肤瘙痒、湿疹、皮肤干燥皲裂、皮肤潮红、风团、荨麻疹等SBS相关症状有关联(均P<0.05)。结论工作场所有集中空调通风系统的员工更易发生SBS相关症状。
Objective To understand the relationship between the central air-conditioning and ventilation system in workplaces and the related syndrome of poor building syndrome (SBS) and provide a reference for the intervention. Methods A case-control study was conducted to conduct a questionnaire survey on 887 employees drawn from two centralized HVAC factories in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province and 892 employees from two factories that did not have centralized ventilation and ventilation systems installed. The result was that the staff of the HVAC ventilation group had dizziness, nausea and vomiting, back or joint pain, loss of appetite, drowsiness, fatigue, irritability, inattention, eye irritation, dry eyes, tearing eyes, itchy eyes, burning sensation in the eyes, nasal congestion, The proportions of runny nose, sneezing, nose pruritus, chest tightness, dyspnea, cough, sore throat, dry throat, pruritus, eczema, chapped skin and dry skin, flushing of the skin, wind group and urticaria were 49.7% and 17.9% 40.2% 34.4% 39.7% 63.1% 52.4% 40.1% 18.6% 33.8% 27.6% 29.1% 11.3% 53.9% 49.0% 58.9% 41.7% 27.5% 20.3 42.7%, 43.1%, 52.5%, 32.9%, 15.1%, 21.0%, 13.9%, 7.0% and 8.7% higher than that of the natural ventilation group, which was 42.2%, 12.1%, 21.1%, 19.3% and 20.4% , 40.8, 33.5, 20.4, 7.2, 12.6, 14.6, 12.6, 4.3, 30.0, 28.5, 41.4, 17.9, 12.1, 5.5, 29.7, 25.3, 23.4 %, 17.5%, 5.4%, 5.9%, 2.7%, 1.5% and 1.8% respectively (all P <0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ventilation system of central air- Vomiting, back or joint pain, loss of appetite, drowsiness, tiredness, irritability, inability to concentrate, red eye, dry eyes, tearing, eye pruritus, burning sensation in the eyes, stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, nose pruritus, , Dyspnea, cough, sore throat, dry throat, pruritus, eczema, chapped skin and dry skin, flushing of the skin, wind group, and urticaria (all P <0.05). Conclusion SBS-related symptoms are more likely to occur in work-site staff with central air conditioning and ventilation systems.