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以湖南引进的6个优良油茶(Camellia oleifera)品种(湘林1号、湘林3号、湘林4号、茶陵166号、德字1号和德字2号)为试验材料,通过田间观察测定各品种的物候期、植物学特性、生长结果习性、果实性状及产量,对其在云南省广南县的综合表现进行评价,以期筛选出适宜西南高原地区种植的油茶新品种,支撑油茶产业的高效、健康、可持续发展。结果表明:茶陵166号果大,皮薄,出仁率较高,较丰产,5年生树株产7.19kg,较对照增产86.75%,适应性及抗性较强,综合性状最好;湘林3号果较大,皮薄,出籽率较高,丰产性好,5年生树株产5.86kg,较对照增产52.21%,适应性及抗性强,综合性状优良;湘林1号和德字1号皮较薄,果中等,出籽率及出仁率高,丰产性好,5年生树株产分别较对照增产29.35%、21.82%,适应性强,综合性状优良;湘林4号和德字2号综合表现欠佳,不适宜推广种植。表明茶陵166号、湘林3号、湘林1号和德字1号适宜在高原地区云南广南及相似生态环境推广种植。
Six excellent Camellia oleifera cultivars (Xianglin 1, Xianglin 3, Xianglin 4, Chaling 166, Dezi 1 and Dezi 2) introduced from Hunan Province The phenophase, botanical characteristics, growth habit, fruit traits and yield of all varieties were observed and evaluated. The comprehensive performance of Guangnian County in Yunnan Province was evaluated in order to screen out the new varieties of Camellia oleifera suitable for planting in Southwest Plateau, Industry efficient, healthy and sustainable development. The results showed that Chaling No.166 was larger and thinner with higher kernel yield and yield, with 7.19kg of 5-year-old trees yielding 86.75% more yield than the control trees. The adaptability and resistance were the best, Lin 3 larger fruit, thin skin, a higher yield, good yield, 5-year-old tree yield 5.86kg, 52.21% increase compared with the control, adaptability and resistance, good overall performance; Xianglin 1 and Tendi No. 1 skin thin, medium fruit, seed yield and kernel rate, high yield, 5-year-old tree yield increased by 29.35% compared with the control, 21.82%, adaptability, good overall performance; No. 2 and German word integrated poor performance, not suitable to promote planting. The results showed that Chaling No.166, Xianglin3, Xianglin1 and Dezi1 are suitable for planting in Guangnan, Yunnan and similar ecological environment in plateau area.