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约翰·巴勒斯是19世纪末、20世纪初美国著名的自然作家,同时他也是生态批评话语早期的实践者。他的生态批评理论具有一定的前瞻性,主要包括:自然是万物的准则,没有熟知自然,艺术便无从谈起;自然界是一个有机的生态整体,充满着活力和运动;自然与文化是一对孪生姐妹,文化本身需要与自然进行生态互动;需要有珍爱家园、情系全球的生态意识等。巴勒斯的这些批评观念给当时的文学批评注入了一股新鲜剂,促进了生态批评话语的流行,因此应得到重视和传承。
John Burroughs is a famous American natural writer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is also an early practitioner of ecocriticism. His theory of ecocriticism has a certain forward-lookingness, mainly including: Nature is the norm of all things, art can not be talked about without being familiar with nature; Nature is an organic whole, full of vitality and movement; Nature and culture are a pair Twins and sisters, the culture itself needs to have ecological interaction with nature; there needs to be ecological awareness that cherishes homeland and the global community. These criticisms of Burroughs infused fresh literary ideas into literary criticism of the time and promoted the popularization of discourse of ecocriticism. Therefore, they should be valued and inherited.