Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures

• 出 处: 中华物理医学与康复杂志
• 发表日期: 2015年37期

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Increased milk intake has been promoted to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. However, as the main dietary source of D-galactose, milk has been found to have negative effects on health. Animal studies have in fact demonstrated that D-galactose may accelerate aging. This study examined the effect of milk intake on mortality and fracture risk in women and men.

METHODS

In two large Swedish cohorts, 61, 433 women and 45, 339 men answered food frequency questionnaires. From those were obtained consumption patterns concerning milk, fermented milk, yogurt and cheese. In addition, a clinical subcohort from each of the two studies underwent urine and serum analysis for markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Those data were compared with mortality from all causes, as well as fracture events.

RESULTS

The median follow-up for women was 22 years, and for men was 13 years. Among women, compared with the consumption of less than one glass per day, consumption of three or more glasses per day had a greater risk of total mortality (hazard ratio=1.93) for any fracture (hazard ratio=1.16) and for hip fracture (hazard ratio=1.60). Conversely, women with a high intake of cheese or fermented milk products had lower mortality and fracture rates compared to those with low intake (P<0.001). For men, the excess risk was less pronounced for mortality, with no reduction in fractures noted with increased milk intake by men. Milk intake was positively associated with 8-iso-PGF2 alpha in both genders, and with interleukin six in men.

CONCLUSION

This study found that higher consumption of milk in women and men is not accompanied by a lower risk of fracture, and may be associated with a higher risk of death.