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为了解畜禽养殖粪便还田利用消除养殖污染的重要途径,在构建畜禽粪便的农田消纳量及承载负荷模型的基础上,在省域尺度下分析了我国不同省区主要畜禽类型粪便产生总氮(TN)、单位面积畜禽粪便TN的容纳量以及单位面积畜禽粪便TN的承载负荷。结果表明,全国畜禽粪便TN产生量是380.56万t,其中猪、奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡和肉鸡粪便TN分别占41.2%、13.7%、8.7%、1.5%和34.9%,总量分布山东最高占到15.9%,其次河南占13.4%,河北第三占9.2%。单位面积的畜禽粪便TN容纳量北京最高,单位耕地面积达到83.2kg/hm~2,单位播种面积达到68.2kg/hm~2,低于耕地面积的承载量90kg/hm~2的安全消纳的临界点。基于欧盟标准,省域尺度下的TN承载负荷均小于0.5,其中北京最高,耕地面积下的承载负荷是0.48,播种面积下的承载负荷0.39。畜禽粪便TN负荷主要来自生猪与肉鸡,差不多是畜禽TN负荷的一半,因此,畜禽粪便污染的防治主要是生猪与肉鸡,其中重点是生猪。由此可见,我国农田消纳畜禽粪便的潜力较大,通过畜禽粪便还田利用能够有效的解决粪便污染问题。
In order to understand the important way to eliminate the pollution caused by livestock farming in livestock and poultry breeding, based on the model of building capacity of livestock and poultry in constructing livestock and poultry manure and carrying load model, Total nitrogen (TN) production, TN storage per unit area of livestock manure, and TN load per unit area of livestock manure were generated. The results showed that the TN production of animal manure in the whole country was 3,805,600 tons, of which TN was 41.2%, 13.7%, 8.7%, 1.5% and 34.9% respectively for pigs, dairy cattle, beef cattle, laying hens and broiler manure, Accounting for 15.9%, followed by Henan accounted for 13.4%, Hebei third accounted for 9.2%. The TN storage capacity per unit area of animal manure was the highest in Beijing, with the unit area of cultivated land reaching 83.2kg / hm ~ 2, unit sowing area reaching 68.2kg / hm ~ 2, and the safe carrying capacity of 90kg / hm ~ 2 lower than that of cultivated land The critical point. Based on the EU standards, the TN load carrying capacity at the provincial scale is less than 0.5, of which Beijing is the highest. The load carrying capacity under cultivated land area is 0.48 and the load carrying capacity under sown area is 0.39. The TN burden of livestock manure mainly comes from pigs and broilers, which are almost half of the TN load of livestock and poultry. Therefore, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry manure pollution are mainly pigs and broilers, with the focus on pigs. It can be seen from this that China’s farmland has a great potential for absorbing manure excrement, which can effectively solve the problem of excrement contamination through the utilization of livestock manure.