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目的了解高职大学生早餐的认知态度和营养状况,为改善高职大学生早餐营养状况提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取697名高职大学生,进行早餐认知态度和连续3d的早餐膳食调查。结果高职大学生营养不良者占29.56%,营养过剩者占1.72%。每天吃早餐的学生占57.8%,早餐食用率女生高于男生,食品专业学生高于非食品专业学生。学生不吃早餐的原因主要是早上起床晚而担心上课迟到。仅1.4%的学生早餐营养充足,男、女生早餐质量差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.375,P>0.05),食品专业学生早餐质量优于非食品专业学生(χ2=6.490,P<0.05)。学生多数营养素和能量的摄入均未达到膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIS)的30%。多数学生早餐营养态度良好,愿意了解更多的早餐营养知识,并希望改变早餐不良饮食行为。结论高职大学生早餐就餐率不高,膳食结构不合理,应加强学生营养知识教育,提供合理营养早餐,改善学生早餐饮食行为。
Objective To understand the cognitive attitude and nutritional status of college students for breakfast in order to provide a basis for improving the nutrition status of breakfast for higher vocational students. Methods A total of 697 vocational college students were sampled by cluster random sampling method to investigate breakfast attitude and breakfast diet for three consecutive days. Results The malnutrition of college students accounted for 29.56%, over-nutrition accounted for 1.72%. 57.8% of students eat breakfast every day, breakfast rate higher than boys and girls, food majors higher than non-food majors. Students do not eat breakfast mainly because of late morning wake up worried about late class. Only 1.4% of students had enough breakfast at breakfast, and there was no significant difference in the quality of breakfast between boys and girls (χ2 = 4.375, P> 0.05). The quality of breakfast of food majors was better than that of non-food majors (χ2 = 6.490, P <0.05). Most of the nutrients and energy intake of students did not reach 30% of the reference intake of dietary nutrients (DRIS). Most students breakfast nutritious attitude, willing to learn more about breakfast nutrition knowledge, and want to change the bad eating behavior of breakfast. Conclusion Higher vocational college students breakfast dining rate is not high, the diet structure is irrational, nutrition education should be strengthened to provide students with nutritionally nutritious breakfast to improve students’ breakfast behavior.