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随着经济的高速发展，我国许多行业都出现了不同程度的产能过剩，不少厂商为了摆脱“价格战”的囚徒困境，试图通过合谋来统一制定产品的价格，组建价格联盟。改革开放以来，“价格联盟”一词对于我们来说并不陌生。早在21世纪初，我国九大彩电厂商就在深圳首次结盟，成功召开了中国彩电业企业峰会，试图以同行议价的形式共同提高彩电零售价格，以维护自身的高额利润。随后，又出现了一些为摆脱“价格大战”而组成的诸如钢铁、空调、机票、方便面甚至酒店业等价格联盟。一时间，关于价格联盟的争议甚嚣尘上。然而，这些价格联盟终究只是一个梦，都没有走到最后，在昙花一现后以失败告终。在经济学中，类似的价格联盟被认定是垄断的一种形式，联盟者们实际上是希望通过合谋来实现对产品或服务的统一提价。从理论上来说，每个联盟者都追逐自身利益最大化，这就是价格联盟难以成功的原因。本文旨在从博弈论的角度出发，以传统的博弈模型，如伯特兰模型为基础，通过改变假设，引入相关变量（如“信任”），分析无正式组织、自主形成的价格联盟的形成动因及其维持方式。
With the rapid economic development, many industries in our country have suffered from overcapacity in varying degrees. Many manufacturers tried to unite the prices of products and set up price alliances in order to get out of the prisoner’s dilemma of “price war.” Since the reform and opening up, the term “price union” is no stranger to us. As early as the beginning of the 21st century, the nine major color TV manufacturers in China first formed an alliance in Shenzhen and successfully held the summit of China’s color TV industry. They tried to jointly raise the retail prices of color TVs by peer bargaining in order to safeguard their high profits. Subsequently, there have been some to get rid of the “price war” and formed such as steel, air conditioning, air tickets, instant noodles and even the hotel industry and other price alliances. For a time, the controversy over the price union is rampant. However, after all, these price alliances are just a dream. They did not come to an end and ended in failure after being short-lived. In economics, similar price alliances have been identified as a form of monopoly, and allies actually want to achieve a uniform price increase for products or services through collusion. In theory, each alliance chase their own interests to maximize, this is the reason why the price union is difficult to succeed. This article aims to introduce the relevant variables (such as “trust”) by changing the assumptions based on the traditional game theory such as Bertrand’s model from the perspective of game theory and to analyze the formation of informal coalition with formation of independent price Motivation and how to maintain it.