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战后科技的迅猛发展对国际贸易的深刻影响在理论上有明显的反映。各种用科技发展解释国际贸易产生和变化的理论应时而生。里昂惕夫之谜及其关于人力技能重要性的论点、基辛的人力技能理论、肯林的人力资本理论、基辛和格鲁伯等人的研究开发要素说、波斯纳的技术差距说、维农的产品生命周期论等就是这方面的国际贸易理论的论述。1991年4月,亚里山得洛(瑞士国际研究生院)及谢斯波里(意大利保科纳大学)受联合国贸发会议秘书处委托撰写和发表的“国际贸易技术差距理论”小册子,主要讲北(工业发达资本主义国家)南(发展中国家)存在的技术差距及其对贸易和技术转让的影响。因为我国是发展中国家,因而,尤其使我们感到兴趣。所以我打算对这一理论作扼要介绍并谈一些自己的看法。
The profound impact of the rapid post-war development of science and technology on international trade has been clearly reflected in theory. The various theories that explain the emergence and change of international trade by means of technological development should emerge from time to time. Leontief’s mystery and his arguments on the importance of human skills, the theory of human skills in Kissin, the theory of human capital in Kenling, the research and development elements of Kissin and Gruber, etc. Posner’s technological gap, Vernon’s product life cycle theory is the aspect of international trade theory. In April 1991, Aristotlello (Swiss International Graduate School of Switzerland) and Hesperia (University of Pauona, Italy), commissioned by the UNCTAD secretariat, published a brochure titled “Theory of Technological Differences in International Trade” (Industrialized capitalist countries) South (developing countries) and their impact on trade and technology transfer. Because our country is a developing country, we are especially interested in it. So I intend to make a brief introduction of this theory and to talk about my own views.