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目的:探索影响嘉兴市中小学生手卫生知识和行为的主要因素,以便开展有针对性的健康教育,提高学生手卫生水平。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取嘉兴市8所学校共1 600名学生进行问卷调查,计算手卫生知识和行为得分并分析可能的影响因素。结果:手卫生影响因素调查显示,城乡、性别、年级、家庭月收入、父母文化程度和洗手设施的完善程度都可能影响学生手卫生知识和行为的得分,其中城市学生高于农村,女生高于男生;家庭月收入高或父母文化程度高的学生、洗手设施完善的学校学生的手卫生知识和行为得分要高;手卫生行为得分随着知识得分的升高而升高;中学生的手卫生知识得分高于小学生,但行为得分却没有差异。多因素logistic分析显示,手卫生知识合格的学生、女生、城市学生和小学生的手卫生行为合格的更多。结论:加强中小学生手卫生健康教育,尤其是“知识—信念—行为”三者之间转变关系的教育;要针对农村、小学生和男生的特点开展教育,更好地培养学生良好手卫生习惯。
Objective: To explore the main factors affecting the hand hygiene knowledge and behavior of primary and secondary school students in Jiaxing City in order to carry out targeted health education and improve students’ hand hygiene level. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was used to collect a total of 1 600 students from 8 schools in Jiaxing City for questionnaire survey, to calculate hand hygiene knowledge and behavior scores and to analyze the possible influencing factors. Results: The survey of influencing factors of hand hygiene showed that urban-rural, gender, grade, family monthly income, parental education level and the improvement of hand-washing facilities all may affect students’ scores of hand hygiene knowledge and behavior. Among them, urban students are higher than rural areas and girls are higher than Boys, students whose monthly family income is high or whose parents’ education level is high, hand hygiene knowledge and behavioral scores of school students who have good hand-washing facilities are higher; scores of hand hygiene behaviors increase with the increase of knowledge scores; hand hygiene knowledge of middle school students Score higher than primary school students, but no difference in behavior scores. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that hand hygiene was more qualified for hand hygiene students, girls, urban students and primary school students. Conclusion: To strengthen hand hygiene education for primary and secondary school students, especially the education of changing relationship among “knowledge-belief-behavior”; to educate the characteristics of rural, primary school children and boys and to better develop students’ good hand hygiene habit.