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彼得·拉马克关于虚构的基本观点是:虚构是作者的虚构性的言说模式和读者的虚构性立场或态度合作的产物;并非所有的虚构都是文学,也不是所有的文学都是虚构。虚构是一个描述性的概念,而文学是一个评价性的概念;在虚构世界,虚构人物作为人存在着,在真实世界中,他们仅仅作为描述性的意义而存在着;文学和虚构与真理无关,文学价值不是来自它们所包含的真理,而是来自它们对主题的呈现、解释和发展;当我们对虚构人物作出情感性反应的时候,我们是对从虚构性的陈述中推导出来的思想性内容作出反应。拉马克的观点具有重要的学术意义,值得中国学界借鉴。
Peter Lamarck’s basic idea of fiction is that fiction is the product of the author’s fictional mode of speech and the reader’s fictional position or attitude; not all fiction is literature, nor is all literature fictional. Fiction is a descriptive concept, whereas literature is an evaluation concept. In the fictional world, fictional characters exist as human beings. In the real world, they exist only as descriptive meanings. Literature and fiction have nothing to do with truth , The literary value does not come from the truths they contain, but from their presentation, interpretation, and development of the subject. When we make emotional responses to fictional characters, we derive the ideological content derived from fictional statements react. Lamarck’s point of view has important academic significance, which is worth learning from Chinese academia.