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水资源短缺已经成为制约社会经济发展的关键因素,虚拟水理论的提出为解决该问题提供了新思路。本文核算了甘肃省1992年～2005年城镇不同收入群体虚拟水消费量,并从虚拟水消费量与消费性支出、单位消费性支出的虚拟水和虚拟水消费多样性指数三方面,分析城镇各收入群体虚拟水消费特征。从计算结果可以发现:①过去的14年中各收入组群的虚拟水消费量整体上呈逐年下降趋势,且1992年～1997年下降的速度要快于1998年～2005年;②各收入群体的单位消费性支出的虚拟水值整体呈现下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是最低收入户组,下降幅度最小的为最高收入户组,1992年～1997年间下降的速度远快于1998年～2005年;③14年中虚拟水消费多样性指数不断增加,各组群的虚拟水消费多样性指数在1992年～1997年间的变化幅度,比1998年～2005年间变化幅度大。通过以上分析发现,在不影响人类生活质量,满足人类对于生活消费品的需求的同时,改变消费结构和改善消费模式,提高消费的多样性,是切实可行的节水措施,这一点对于地处西北干旱区、社会经济高速发展的甘肃省来讲,尤其重要。
The shortage of water resources has become the key factor restricting the social and economic development. The proposal of virtual water theory provides a new idea to solve the problem. This paper calculates the virtual water consumption of different income groups in urban and rural areas of Gansu from 1992 to 2005. And from three aspects of virtual water consumption and consumption expenditure, virtual consumption of virtual water and virtual water consumption index, Revenue groups virtual water consumption characteristics. From the results of the calculation, we can find: (1) The virtual water consumption of each income group has been declining year by year in the past 14 years, and dropped faster from 1992 to 2005 from 1992 to 1997. (2) The income groups Of the unit of consumer spending virtual water value as a whole showed a downward trend, the largest decline is the lowest income households, the smallest decline for the highest income households, from 1992 to 1997, the rate of decline was much faster than 1998 ~ 2005 ; ③ The virtual water consumption diversity index increased continuously in the past 14 years, and the variation range of the virtual water consumption diversity index of each group in 1992-1997 was larger than that in 1998-2005. Based on the above analysis, it is feasible to save water without changing the quality of human life and meeting the human demand for consumer goods, while changing the consumption structure, improving the consumption pattern and increasing the consumption diversity. Arid areas, the rapid development of social economy in terms of Gansu Province, is particularly important.