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目的通过了解哈尔滨市居民膳食模式的特点,探索不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,2014年对哈尔滨市辖区9区9县(市)抽取的10 618名18岁及以上常住居民进行基线调查,获得有效样本9 902例。采集一般情况、食物频率、慢性病等信息,应用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与高血压的关系。结果哈尔滨市常住居民高血压患病率为30.63%,其中男性为31.39%,女性为29.97%。因子分析得到5种膳食模式,其中传统健康模式、甜品模式、饮酒模式与高血压患病率差异有统计学意义。经多因素logistic回归分析,传统健康模式因子得分与高血压呈负关联(OR=0.896,95%CI 0.633~1.270),而甜品模式(OR=1.022,95%CI 0.668~1.562)和饮酒模式(OR=1.436,95%CI 1.032~1.997)因子得分与高血压呈正关联。结论膳食模式与高血压密切相关,减少酒类摄入,养成健康的饮食习惯,对预防控制高血压具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the characteristics of the diet pattern of Harbin residents and explore the relationship between different diet patterns and hypertension. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used. In 2014, a total of 10 618 permanent residents aged 18 years and above drawn from 9 counties (cities) in 9 districts of Harbin were surveyed. A total of 9 902 valid samples were obtained. General information, food frequency and chronic diseases were collected. The dietary patterns were established by factor analysis method, and the relationship between different dietary patterns and hypertension was analyzed. Results The prevalence of hypertension in permanent residents in Harbin was 30.63%, of which 31.39% for males and 29.97% for females. Five kinds of dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis. Among them, the differences of traditional health pattern, dessert pattern, alcohol drinking pattern and hypertension prevalence were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the scores of traditional health mode factors were negatively correlated with hypertension (OR = 0.896,95% CI 0.633 ~ 1.270), whereas those of desserts (OR = 1.022, 95% CI 0.668-1.562) and alcohol consumption patterns OR = 1.436, 95% CI 1.032-1.997) The factor score was positively correlated with hypertension. Conclusion Dietary patterns and hypertension are closely related to reduce alcohol intake and develop healthy eating habits, prevention and control of hypertension is of great significance.