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多边贸易协定一个重要目的就是消除贸易壁垒,实现贸易自由化。但是有时过度地追求贸易自由可能会给一国的公共道德造成威胁。因此,在多边贸易协定中往往内含了一些可以豁免缔约方缔约义务的例外条款。缔约方为了保护本国的公共道德,可以援引这些例外条款来对抗其他缔约方的指控。在WTO中,公共道德例外主要体现在GATT第20条(a)和GATS第14条(a)。另外,在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第27条第2款和《政府采购协定》第23条第2款中也规定了这种例外。
An important objective of multilateral trade agreements is to eliminate trade barriers and achieve trade liberalization. But sometimes excessive pursuit of trade freedom can pose a threat to a country’s public morals. As a result, there are often exceptions contained in multilateral trade agreements that exempt parties from contracting obligations. In order to protect their own public morals, Parties may invoke these exceptions to counter allegations by other parties. In the WTO, public moral exceptions are mainly reflected in Article 20 (a) of the GATT and Article 14 (a) of the GATS. In addition, such an exception is also provided for in article 27, paragraph 2, of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and article 23, paragraph 2, of the Agreement on Government Procurement.