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目的 了解户县麻疹流行病学特征 ,加速控制麻疹。方法 对户县 1 970～ 2 0 0 3年麻疹发病情况进行了流行病学分析。结果 发病有明显不同的两个阶段 :1 970～ 1 984年麻疹发病呈高发状态 ,具有明显的周期性 ,每隔 2～3年出现 1个发病高峰 ,整个流行呈阶梯形下降态势 ;1 985～ 2 0 0 3年发病呈低发状态 ,其发病率波动在 0. 35/ 1 0万～ 7. 71 / 1 0万 ;流行模式为散发和爆发并存 ,以爆发为主 ,局部麻疹爆发影响着全县的发病水平 ;3～ 6月为麻疹高发病季节。不同时期麻疹发病年龄分布提示 ,发病年龄后移。对麻疹病例的免疫史分析表明 ,30 %未接种麻疹疫苗 (MV) ,24%免疫史不详。结论 今后加速控制麻疹应继续加强MV的常规免疫 ,提高MV的初种、复种覆盖率和有效接种率 ;在全县范围适时开展MV强化免疫 ;重新调整或制定现行MV免疫程序 ;加强麻疹监测与报告 ;对疫点及时应急处理 ,防止麻疹爆发
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Hu County and accelerate the control of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles from 1949 to 2003 in Huxian County was carried out. Results There were two distinct stages of morbidity. The incidence of measles was high from 1970 to 1984, with obvious periodicity. One peak appeared at intervals of 2 to 3 years and the whole epidemic showed a ladder-like decline. The incidence was low in 2003 with a fluctuating rate of 0.35 / 100 to 7.171 / 100 000. The epidemic pattern consisted of exuviaration and outbreak, with the outbreak mainly affecting the outbreak of local measles The incidence of the county level; 3 to 6 months for the high incidence of measles season. The age distribution of measles in different periods suggests that the age of onset is shifted. Immunization history of measles cases analysis showed that 30% of the unvaccinated measles vaccine (MV), 24% of the immune history is unknown. Conclusion In the future, measles should be further strengthened to control routine measles immunization and to improve initial, multiple coverage and effective vaccination coverage of MV. MV-intensive immunization should be carried out in a timely manner in the whole county; the current MV vaccination program should be readjusted or formulated; Report; promptly deal with the epidemic point to prevent the outbreak of measles