瑞典劳动力市场的特征与政策

• 作 者: 安·齐巴利斯特 霍·谢尔曼 贾灵坚 张法荣
• 出 处: 国际经济评论
• 发表日期: 1986年10期
• 关键词: 劳动力市场 凯恩斯主义者 工资结构 世界经济 大萧条时期 工资增长率 生产率增长 成本费用 小时工资 劳务成本

第二次世界大战以来,瑞典一直奉行激进的凯恩斯主义者所宣称的充分就业政策。即使是在1945年来的世界经济大萧条时期,瑞典也只有1.5%到4%的失业率。1982年9月,失业率达到4%,成为战后最高纪录;但此后这一比率一直在下降。瑞典在安排劳动力就业方面取得了举世公认的好成绩,其劳动力参加率高达69.5—72%(这是16岁至74岁没有固定工作的工人参加工作的比例,见表1),比近年来美国劳动力参加率高出十多个百分点。(如调整为统一的计算方法,这一差距还将缩小几个百分点)。

Since the Second World War, Sweden has been pursuing the full employment policy proclaimed by radical Keynesians. Even in the Great Depression of Great Britain in 1945, Sweden had only 1.5% to 4% of the jobless rate. In September 1982, the jobless rate reached 4%, making it the highest post-war record; but since then the rate has been declining. Sweden has achieved world-recognized good results in arranging for workforce employment, with a labor force participation rate as high as 69.5-72% (this is the percentage of workers aged 16 to 74 who do not have a permanent job, as shown in Table 1). In comparison with the United States Labor force participation rate higher than 10 percentage points. (If adjusted to a unified calculation method, this gap will narrow a few percentage points).