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通过实地调研和取样分析研究了皖南地区5种典型烤烟种植模式下耕层土壤环境质量及经济效益状况。结果表明:水旱轮作及不同作物的养分投入与吸收量不同造成了养分指标间的差异,其中T2(烤烟–玉米复种连作)模式下的土壤有机质及碱解氮含量最低。除Pb外,As、Cd、Cr和Hg 4种重金属在不同种植模式的耕层土壤中含量不同,但均符合国家食用农产品产地环境质量要求。此外,T1(烤烟–水稻复种连作)及T4(烤烟–水稻→小麦–水稻→烤烟轮作)模式中二氯喹啉酸残留量相对较高(0.05 mg/kg)。在不同种植模式的总投入中,T1模式投入最高,其租地、肥料、烘烤及雇工4项投入占总投入的79.3%。T1及T2模式均属“高投入高产出”类型,缺乏可持续性;T4及T5(烤烟–水稻→油菜–水稻→烤烟轮作)模式,属“低投入高产出”类型,具有较高的可持续生产能力。T3(烤烟–空闲单季连作)模式复种指数最低,需提高生态资源利用率。从土壤环境及经济效益方面综合考虑,T4的烤烟–水稻→小麦–水稻→烤烟轮作模式是皖南地区的较佳烤烟种植模式,可进一步推广应用。
Through field investigation and sampling analysis, the soil environmental quality and economic benefits of topsoil under five typical flue-cured tobacco planting patterns in southern Anhui were studied. The results showed that the difference of nutrient contents caused by the difference of nutrients input and absorption between different rotation and rotation of crops showed that there was the lowest content of soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen under T2 (flue-cured tobacco-corn multiple cropping) model. Except for Pb, the contents of four heavy metals, As, Cd, Cr and Hg, were different in topsoil with different planting patterns, but all of them met the environmental quality requirements of the origin of edible agricultural products. In addition, the residues of quinclorac in T1 (flue-cured tobacco-rice multi-cropping) and T4 (flue-cured tobacco-rice → wheat-rice → flue-cured tobacco rotation) patterns were relatively high (0.05 mg / kg). In the total investment in different planting modes, T1 mode has the highest input, and its investment in land, fertilizer, baking and hiring accounted for 79.3% of the total investment. Both T1 and T2 models are “high-input and high-output” type, lack of sustainability; T4 and T5 (flue-cured tobacco-rice → rape-rice → flue-cured tobacco rotation) , With high sustainable production capacity. T3 (flue-cured tobacco - single-cropped continuous cropping) model has the lowest multiplier index, and needs to improve the utilization of ecological resources. Considering the soil environment and economic benefits, the flue-cured tobacco-rice-wheat-rice-flue-cured tobacco rotation model T4 is the preferred flue-cured tobacco planting mode in southern Anhui and can be further popularized and applied.