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尼泊尔8.1级地震发生2个月后,该文作者随队开展了为期半个月的尼泊尔地震震害调查。该文报道了尼泊尔8.1级地震中3个调查点的钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构震害特点。调查表明,除少数医院、政府办公楼、学校建筑为正规抗震设计建造外,大部分RC框架结构为自建民居、商铺。被调查RC框架结构的梁、板、柱均采用现浇混凝土,填充墙均采用粘土砖砌筑。震害主要表现为底层或临街楼层(街道高于底层时)框架柱压弯破坏,填充墙倒塌,柱顶水平施工缝处破坏,部分紧邻填充墙的柱顶部剪切破坏,屋顶女儿墙震损掉落,少数结构发生整体垮塌。该文作者对某一典型区域的框架结构进行了详查,得到6个震损结构的尺寸、材料强度和破坏模式,分析表明,具有较小柱轴压比,较大刚重比的结构具有较好的抗倒塌能力。最后,针对尼泊尔RC框架的震害特点,对比我国相关规范规程和以往震害经验,探讨了防止填充墙相邻柱端剪切破坏的措施、防止施工缝对柱的削弱、非结构构件抗震构造措施的必要性,以及震后建筑安全性鉴定的注意事项。
Two months after the magnitude 8.1 earthquake in Nepal, the author carried out a half-month survey on the damage caused by the Nepal earthquake. This paper reports the seismic damage characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures at three survey sites in the M 8.1 earthquake in Nepal. The survey shows that most of the RC frame structures are self-built dwellings and shops, except for a few hospitals, government offices and school buildings. The beams, plates and columns of the RC frame under investigation were all made of cast-in-place concrete, and the filled walls were made of clay brick. The damage is mainly caused by the failure of the column columns at the ground floor or in the street level (when the street is higher than the ground floor), collapse of the infill wall, destruction of the horizontal joint at the top of the column, shear failure near the top of column filled with the wall, Drop, the overall collapse of a few structures. The author of a typical region of the framework of the structure of a detailed investigation, the structure of the six earthquake damage to the size, material strength and failure modes, the analysis shows that with a smaller column axial compression ratio, a greater weight ratio of the structure has Better anti-collapse ability. Finally, according to the characteristics of seismic damage of RC frame in Nepal, the measures to prevent the shear failure of adjacent column ends in infill walls are compared with the relevant norms and regulations in our country and the experience of previous earthquake damage, so as to prevent the construction joints from weakening the columns and the seismic structures of non-structural members The necessity of the measures, and the precautions of building safety appraisal after the earthquake.