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乙酰乳酸合成酶(AHAS)是支链氨基酸生物合成途径中的一个关键酶,是绿色除草剂的重要作用靶标。由于此生物合成过程只存在于植物和微生物体内,因此该类抑制剂对哺乳动物具有生物安全性。近年来,随着AHAS三维结构的阐明,人们不仅深入了解了已有抑制剂的作用机制,并且依此设计开发了一些新型的抑制剂,拓展了其在抑菌活性方面的生物学功能。文章对近年来AHAS及其抑制剂的最新研究进展进行了综述,重点就AHAS的酶学特征、结构特征及结合方式,以AHAS为靶标的新颖除草活性化合物的设计开发以及AHAS抑制剂的抗菌生物活性研究进展等问题详细进行了总结,以期为设计开发靶向AHAS的新型除草剂或抗菌药物提供参考。
Acetolactate synthase (AHAS) is a key enzyme in the branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway and is an important target of green herbicides. Since this biosynthesis process exists only in plants and microorganisms, such inhibitors are biologically safe for mammals. In recent years, with the clarification of the three-dimensional structure of AHAS, people have not only understood the mechanism of the existing inhibitors in depth, but also designed and developed some novel inhibitors to expand their biological functions in the field of antibacterial activity. In this paper, the latest research progress of AHAS and its inhibitors in recent years are summarized. The emphasis is on the enzymology characteristics, structural characteristics and binding modes of AHAS, the design and development of novel herbicidal active compounds targeting AHAS and the antibacterial organisms of AHAS inhibitors Activity research progress and other issues were summarized in detail in order to provide a reference for the design and development of new herbicides or antimicrobial drugs targeting AHAS.