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查尔斯·比尔德(Charles A.Beard 1874—1948)是二十世纪上半期美国著名历史学家,曾长期执教于哥伦比亚大学,并担任过美国历史学会主席及美国政治学学会主席。比尔德在其早期的历史研究中,力图用经济事实来解释政治制度和历史发展,写出了一些有名的著作:《美国宪法之经济解释》(1913年)、《杰弗逊民主制的经济起源》(1915年)《美国文明的兴起》(1927年)等,对美国学术界影响很大。比尔德的经济史观是第一次世界大战后美国历史学界颇为流行的一种观点。本文拟就此稍加阐释。
Charles A. Beard (1874-1948) was a famous American historian in the first half of the 20th century. He had been a longtime teacher at Columbia University and served as President of the American Historical Society and Chairman of the American Political Science Association. In his early historical studies, Beard tried to explain the political system and historical development by means of economic facts and wrote some famous works: “The Economic Interpretation of the American Constitution” (1913), “The Economic Origin of the Jefferson Democracy” (1915) “The Rise of American Civilization” (1927), etc., have a great impact on the American academic community. Beard’s view of economic history is a popular view of American historians after the First World War. This article is intended to explain this slightly.