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把股份制作为我国社会主义经济体制改革的目标模式,被许多文章所肯定,并在某些地方进行了试点。但我认为在社会主义经济原则下,推行股份制是行不通的。目前有的地方推行股份制是为了集资的需要。改革给地方、企业以相对独立的自主权,投资决策不象传统集中体制时那样只能由中央做出。但由于投资项目仍然由行政决定(不过是地方行政),决策者仍然不承担投资决策的风险。因此,科尔奈所说的投资饥渴症在改革后的体制里似乎表现得更为强烈,通过股份制集资也就成为某些地方的一种尝试。与此同时,改革后的企业与个人的收入分配存在着较大的差距,部分企业因利润留成使他们拥有部分自有资金。改革过程中小部分先富起
The establishment of the shareholding system as a target model for the reform of China’s socialist economic system has been affirmed by many articles and has been piloted in some places. However, I think that under the socialist economic principle, the implementation of the shareholding system will not work. The current implementation of the shareholding system in some places is for the purpose of raising funds. Reform gives local governments and enterprises relatively independent autonomy, and their investment decisions can not be made by the Central Government only when they are not in the traditional centralized system. However, as investment projects are still subject to administrative decisions (but local administration), policy makers still do not assume the risk of making investment decisions. Therefore, the investment hunger mentioned by Kornai appears to be even stronger in the reformed system. It is also an attempt in some places to raise funds through joint-stock companies. At the same time, there is a big gap between the income distribution of the reformed enterprises and individuals. Some enterprises retain part of their own funds for profit retention. In the reform process, a small part of the rich first